History
Terms
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- chirstopher sholes
- inventor of the typewriter
- lend-lease act
- law that allowed FDR to lend arms to any nation vital to us defence
- Suffrage
- Right to vote
- treaty of tordesillas
- agreement between spain and portugal to explore diff. lands
- war-guilt clause
- part of the treaty of versaills in which germany took sole blame for the war
- facism
- political system based on a strong centralized government headed by a dictator
- selective service act
- law requiring men to register for military service
- The Federalist
- Essays written by the Federalist leaders that defended the Constitution
- Senate
- Upper house of the national legislature
- Marbury v. Madison
- Court case that established the power of judicial review
- Two-party System
- Political system where two political parties compete for power
- indentured servents
- workers who traded prison life for new start in NA
- clayton antitrust act
- law that weakend monopolies and upheld rights of unions
- treaty of fort laramie
- treaty that gave control of central plains to natives
- Judicial Branch
- The branch of government that interprets the laws and the Constitution
- Dominion of New England
- A huge colony formed by the King of England, which included land from southern Maine to New Jersey
- Yorktown
- Battle that gave Americans victory in the war
- john d. rockefeller
- standard oil trust
- urbanization
- growth of cities
- booker t. washington
- prominent black educator
- WAAC
- womens auxillary army corps
- john j. pershing
- u.s. general who led troops to capture villa
- lucretia mott
- leader in the abolition and womens rights movements
- Charles Cornwallis
- British general
- Alexander Hamilton
- An early Federalist leader
- Excise Tax
- Tax on goods produced within the country
- woodrow wilson
- winner of the 1912 presidential election
- treaty of versailles
- the 1919 treaty that ended WWI
- john wilkes booth
- shot lincoln
- appeasement
- trying to pacify an aggressor in order to keep the peace
- antebellum
- pre-civil war
- Separatists
- Members of a Puritan group who established their own congregations
- Judicial Power
- Authority to decide cases involving disputes over the law or behavior of people
- upton sinclair
- novelist who exposed flaws in society
- Quakers
- Members of a religious group known for tolerance
- foraker act
- law which ended military rule in puerto rico
- Legislative Branch
- The branch of government that makes laws
- Saratoga
- Battle won by the Americans in 1777
- James Madison
- One of the leaders of the Constitutional Convention
- john deere
- inventor of the steel plow
- Louisiana Purchase
- Land bought from France in 1803
- angel island
- inspection station for immigrants west coast
- Sectionalism
- Practice of placing the interests of one region over those of the nation as a whole
- Impressment
- act of seizing sailors to work on ships
- Judicial Review
- The power of judges to declare a law unconstitutional
- fort pillow
- site of confederate massacre of 200 afric. american prisoners
- edwin l. drake
- first person to use steam engine to drill for oil
- Nullification
- The idea that states had the right to nullify or void any law they deemed unconstitutional
- orville and wilbur wright
- brothers who flew the first airplane
- theodore roosevelt
- president from 1901 to 1909
- lineage
- descent from a common ancestor
- alvin york
- american war hero
- horace greeley
- newspaper editor who strongly supposrted the newly formed republican party
- the jungle
- novel by upton sinclair that exposed meatpacking
- Due process of law
- All the procedures for fair treatment must be carried out whenever a citizen is accused of a crime
- internment
- confinement under guard, especially during wartime
- cult of domesticity
- social customs that restricted women to caring for the house
- dollar diplomacy
- policy of intervening in other countries to protect u.s. business interests
- Sugar Act
- Law passed by Parliament to try to raise money
- conquistador
- spanish explorer
- william tecumseh sherman
- commander of union troops in southeast
- genocide
- deliberate and systematic killin of an entire people
- income tax
- TAX THAT TAKES A PERCENTAGE OF AN INDIVIDUALS INCOME
- thirteenth amendment
- abolished slavery everywhere in the u.s.
- republican party
- political party formed to oppose extending slavery in the territories
- powhatan
- natives that lived in jamestown area
- harpers ferry
- location of federal arsenal that john borwn raided to arm slaves
- Armistice
- End to fighting the war
- vertical intergration
- process in which a company buys out its suppliers
- John Quincy Adams
- Sixth president of the United States
- Declaration of Independence
- Document that said the United States was an independent nation
- Alien and Sedition Acts
- Laws that made it harder to become a citizen and created harsh punishments for people who criticize the government
- entrepreneur
- business owner
- New Netherland
- Colony founded by the Dutch in 1621
- Checks and Balances
- Powers given to separate branches of government to keep any one from getting too much power
- nazism
- facist political philosophy of germany under nazi dictator Hitler
- concentration camp
- prison camps operated by the nazis where jews were worked sometimes to death
- seneca falls convention
- convention held to argue for womens rights
- Reserved Powers
- Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states belong to the states and the people
- reformation
- split in the christian church that led to protestantism
- kamikaze
- japanese suicide flight
- propaganda
- a kind of biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions
- eddie rickenbacker
- famouse american fighter pilot
- james a. garfield
- 20th president
- social darwinism
- theory that taught only the strong survive
- islam
- religion founded by muhammed
- merrimack
- confederate ironclad
- boxer rebellion
- chinese rebellion against western influence
- georges clemenceau
- french premier
- cottage industy
- system in which manufacturers provided materials to be produced at home
- New France
- French colony in North America
- apprentice
- a worker learning a trade or craft, usually under the supervision of a master
- william lloyd garrison
- abolitionst leader
- harriet tubman
- famous conductor on the underground railroad
- revival
- a religious gathering that relied on emotional sermons
- Cash Crop
- A crop grown for sale rather than for the farmer's use
- meat inspection act
- law reforming meatpacking conditions
- temperance movement
- movement to ban the drinking of alcohol
- Sacajawea
- Native American woman who served as a guide and interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition
- George Washington
- Led Virginia troops in first battle of the French and Indian War
- bessemer process
- technique used to make steel from iron
- manhattan project
- secret research project that resulted in the atomic bomb
- kansas nebraska act
- law that split kansas territory into two states
- congress of racial quality
- interracial organization formed to fight discrimination
- Royal Colony
- A colony under the direct control of a monarch
- willam randolph hearst
- owner of new york morning journal, san fransisco examiner
- winston churchill
- prime minister of britain during WWII
- songhai
- large african kingdom known for tradin
- rationing
- restricting the amount of food and other goods people may buy during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military
- Pequot War
- A1637 conflict in which the Pequots battled Connecticut colonists
- crusades
- series of wars started by europeans to win bak the holy land
- thaddeus stevens
- one of the radical leaders
- pendleton civil service act
- that implemented merit system in civil service hiring
- ghetto
- a segregated neighborhood
- Judicial Review
- Authority to decide whether a law is constitutional
- settlement house
- community center that addressed problems in slum neighborhoods
- nativism
- favoring native born people over immigrants
- kristallnacht
- night when nazis in germany attacked jews, their businesses and synagogues
- hernando cortes
- defeated the aztecs
- taino
- native americans who lived where columbus landed
- William Pitt
- British leader in the French and Indian War
- know nothing party
- political party formed to stopo the influence of immigrants
- aboliton
- movment to outlaw slavery
- antonio lopez de santa anna
- mexican president who fought texans
- hiroshima
- city that was the site of the first atomic bomb drop in japan
- david walker
- a free african america who urged blacks to take freedom by force
- Egalitarianism
- A belief in equality
- clara barton
- union nurse
- Olive Branch Petition
- An offer of peace sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George lll
- samuel gompers
- union leader
- emancipation
- the freeing of slaves
- NAACP
- nation association for the advancement of colored people
- Committees of Correspondence
- A network of communication set up in Massachusetts and Virginia to inform other colonies of ways that Britain threatened colonial rights
- nat turner
- leader of a violent slave rebellion
- imperialism
- practice of strong countries taking power of smaller countries
- journeyman
- skilled worker employed by masters
- NAWSA
- nations american woman suffrage association
- allies
- group of about 26 nations who opposed the axis powers, u.s. soviet union, britain and france
- carpetbagger
- northerner who moved south during reconstruction
- a. philip randolph
- important black labor leader
- Massachusetts Bay Colony
- Colony founded by Puritans in 1630
- j. robert oppenheimer
- scientist who led the manhattan project
- dorothea dix
- reformer who worked with mentally ill
- underground railroad
- secret way of escape to the north
- Succession
- Order in which the office of president is filled if it becomes vacant before an election
- panic of 1873
- financial crisis that started an economic depression
- rutherford b. hayes
- 19 th president
- Parliament
- The lawmaking body of England
- gag rule
- a rule limiting debate on an issue
- neville chamberlain
- prime minister of great britain before WWII
- Congress
- National legislature
- popular sovereignty
- idea that people living in a territory should make their own decisions especially the decision to admit slavery
- samuel f.b. morse
- inventor of the telegraph
- fourteenth amendment
- gave african americans citizenship
- national bank act
- law that set up a system of federal banks
- shiloh
- union victory
- Supreme Court
- Highest federal court in the United States
- nativism
- favoring native born people
- new spain
- spanish colony in the new world
- debt peonage
- system of forced slavery to pay debts
- no man's land
- the space between armies fighting each other
- Judiciary Act of 1801
- Law the increased the number of federal judges by sixteen
- wade-davis bill
- would have give congress control of reconstruction
- queen lilioukalani
- hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by u.s. businessmen
- ellis island
- inspection station for immigrants arriving on the east coast
- Ratification
- Official approval of the Constitution
- transcendentalism
- philosphy that emphasized the truth to be found in nature
- Common Sense
- Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that attacked the monarchy
- Antifederalists
- People opposed to ratification of the new Constitution
- copperhead
- northern democrat
- george mcclellan
- union general
- uncle toms cabin
- antislavery novel
- specialization
- in farming the raising or one or two crops for sale
- Jonathan Edwards
- Forceful preacher in the Great Awakening
- Trenton
- Battle won by the Americans in 1776
- fourteen points
- wilson's plan for world peace after WWI
- Land Ordinance of 1785
- A law that set up a plan for surveying land west of the Appalachian Mountains
- Ratify
- Officially approve the Constiitution or an Amendment to it
- Democratic-Republican Party
- Party started by Jackson's followers
- Great Compromise
- Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house
- Panice of 1837
- A series of financial failures that led to an economic depression
- battle of the bulge
- last german attempt at an offensive strike at the allies
- louis sullivan
- early leader of architecture
- Boston Tea Party
- Protest against increased prices in which colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor
- home rule
- run state governments without federal interference
- william howard taft
- president after roosevelt
- pearl harbor
- naval port in hawaii
- Mass Production
- The making of goods in large amounts
- american federation of labor
- name of union led by gompers
- Henry Clay
- Speaker of the House of Representative and political leader from Kentucky
- panama canal
- a channel across central america between pacific and atlantic
- chancellorsville
- confederate victory in virginia
- federal reserve system
- national banking system
- john smith
- leader of jamestown
- george eastman
- inventor of kodak camera
- Bill of Rights
- Set of amendments passed to protect individual rights
- sante fe trail
- trail from missouri to new mexico
- grandfather clause
- allowed poor uneducated whites to vote
- nineteenth amendment
- gave the right of suffrage to women
- Stono Rebellion
- A 1739 slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina
- Missouri Compromise
- Agreement that temporarily settled the issue of slavery in the territories
- payne-aldrich tariff
- bill meant to lower tariffs on imported goods
- valeriano weyler
- general sent from spain to cuba to restore order
- stephen a. douglas
- senator from illinois who worked to pass the compromise of 1850
- george dewey
- u.s. naval commander who led the phillipine attacks
- stonewall jackson
- confederate general
- archduke franz ferdinand
- yound austrian heir whose assasination triggered the war
- William Henry Harrison
- Ninth president
- war industies board
- agency to improve efficiency in war related industries
- plantation
- a huge farm where slaves work
- annex
- to make part of
- dred scott
- slave who was breifly taken by his owner into free territory
- andrew carnegie
- scottich immigrant who became a giant in the steel industry
- Republicanism
- The idea that governments should be based on the consent of the people
- Monroe Doctrine
- Warning to European nations not to interfere in the Americas
- leage of nations
- an international peace-keeping organization
- oregon trail
- trail from missouri to oregon
- harry s. truman
- 33rd president of the U.S.
- Valley Forge
- Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778
- William Henry Harrison Tecumseh
- Native American leader
- war production board
- decided which companies would make war materials
- hierarchy
- social ordering by rank
- Eli Whitney
- Inventor of interchangeable parts and the cotton gin
- William Penn
- Founder of Pennsylvania
- harriet beecher stowe
- wrote uncle toms cabin
- columbian exchange
- early trade across atlantic
- ida b. wells
- black reformer who tried to end lynching
- tenant farming
- renting farmland for cash
- Erie Canal
- Canal that connected the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean
- appomattox court house
- site of the confederate surrender
- Edmond Genet
- French diplomat who tried to get American support against the British
- freedmen's bureau
- government agency that helped former slaves and poor whites by giving out food and clothing
- Elastic Clause
- Clause in the Constitution that allows Congress to pass laws necessary to carry out its enumerated powers
- Minutemen
- Civilian soldiers
- william seward
- secretary of state under lincoln and johnson
- axis powers
- germany, italy, and japan
- Salutary Neglect
- An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies
- Thomas Pinckney
- Negotiated treaty with Spain over Spanish lands east of the Mississippi River
- civil servie
- government administration
- Checks and Balances
- Provisions of the Constitution that keep one branch of the government from controlling the other two branches
- Nathaniel Bacon
- Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the governor of the Virginia Colony
- john hay
- u.s. secretary of state
- robert e. lee
- confederate general
- credit mobilier
- name of company involved in stealing of rr money
- vicksburg
- union victory in missisippi
- headright system
- the virgina companys system
- anaconda plan
- three part union plan for victory
- Indian Removal Act
- Law that forced Native Americans to move west
- American System
- Clay's plan for economic development
- suffrage
- the right to vote
- McColloch v. Maryland
- Supreme Court case that denied Maryland the right to tax the Bank of the United States
- John Tyler
- Tenth president
- nagasaki
- city where a second atomic bomb was droped in japan
- Bank of the United States
- National bank established by Congress first in 1791 and then in 1816
- Friedrich von Steuben
- Prussian officer who helped train American soldiers
- Protective Tariff
- Tax on imported goods to protect domestic business
- david g. farragut
- commander of the union navy
- boss tweed
- head of new yorks powerful democratic machine
- joseph pulitzer
- owner of the new york world newspaper
- george creel
- head of the committee on public information
- redemption
- regaining of power in democratic south
- great migration
- movement of many blacks from southern cities to the north
- segregation
- word used to describe racial seperation
- general john j. pershing
- commander of AEF
- Loyalists
- Colonists who were loyal to Britain
- Northwest Ordinance of 1787
- Law that organized the Northwest Territories
- Metacom
- Native American chief who fought against English colonists in the King Philip's War
- japanese american citizens league
- civil rights group formed by japanese americans
- james farmer
- civil rights leader who founded the congress of tacial equality
- Shays's Rebellion
- Anti-tax protest by farmers
- omar bradley
- american general
- joint-stock
- companies where investors poured in their wealth
- Andrew Jackson
- General who led American forces in Battle of New Orleans
- black codes
- laws enacted in many southern states that discriminated against african americans
- benjamin harrison
- 23rd president
- sherman antitrust act
- law that outlawed trusts
- Profiteering
- Selling goods that are difficult to come by for a profit
- Spoils System
- System in which incoming political parties throw out former government workers and replace them with their own friends
- bernard M. baruch
- leader of the war industries board
- Benjamin Franklin
- Philadelphia inventor, writer, and political leader
- interstate commerce act
- law granting congress authority to regulate rr activities
- dwight d eisenhower
- american general of forces in europe
- NACW
- nation association of colored women
- Triangular Trade
- The pattern of shipping trade across the Atlantic
- joseph smith
- founder of mormons
- Extradition
- Procedure for returning a person charged with a crime to the state where the crime was committed
- colonization
- the establishment of outlying settlements
- personal liberty laws
- laws passed by nothern staes forbidding the imprisonment of escaped slaves
- brigaham young
- leader of mormons who decided to move to utah
- Slave
- Person who is considered the property of another
- Tariff of 1816
- A protective tariff designed to help American industries
- henry david thoreau
- author of walden who practiced transcendentalism
- andrew johnson
- president after lincolns assasination
- reconstruction
- period of rebuilding the nation after the civil war
- tenement
- multifamily urban dwellings
- Electoral College
- Electors chosen by the states to elect the president and vice president
- Boston Massacre
- Conflict between colonists and British soldiers in which four colonists were killed
- national trades union
- early national workers organizations
- carrie chapman catt
- president of NAWSA
- george patton
- american general who led the third army to liberate paris
- John C. Calhoun
- Vice-President and congressional leader from South Carolina
- Whig Party
- Political party formed in 1834 to oppose policies of Andrew Jackson
- roger b. taney
- chief justic who wrote the ruling in the dred scott case
- IWWW
- union of radicals n socialists "wobblies"
- Bill of RIghts
- First ten Amendments
- renaissance
- period when europeans began investigating all aspects of physical world
- central powers
- germany austria-hungary and the ottoman empire
- Mercantilism
- Theory that countries should acquire gold and focus on exporting goods and owning colonies
- Federalists
- Supporters of the new Constitution
- impeach
- legal process to formally charge the president with misconduct in office
- juan ponce de leon
- discovered florida
- convoy system
- having merchant ships travel in groups protected by warships
- Marquis de Lafayette
- French noble who helped the Americans
- neutrality acts
- laws passed by congress to ban the sale of arms or loans to nations at war
- alexander graham bell
- inventor of the telephone
- savana
- a dry grassland with trees and bushes
- Adams-Onis Treaty
- Treaty that secured the purchase of Flordia from Spain
- kwakiutl
- native american group that lived on northwest coast
- Plymouth Colony
- Second permanent English colony in North America founded by the Pilgrims
- Bank of the United States
- A national bank funded by the federal government and wealth investors
- bull moose party
- nickname for the new progressive party
- thomas alva edison
- inventor of the light bulb
- Martial Law
- Rule by the military
- Great Awakening
- Religious revival movement in the colonies
- d-day
- allied invasion of nazi-controlled france
- Middle Passage
- The voyage that brought slaves to America
- elizabeth cady stanton
- leader in the abolition and womens rights movements
- john brown
- fierce opponent of slavery who led a raid that killed five proslaves
- jose marti
- political activist who fought for cuban independence
- Tecumseh
- Shawnee chief who formed Native American confederation to fight Americans
- John Marshall
- Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
- conscription
- the draft
- gettysburg
- most decisive battle of the war
- Cabinet
- Chief advisers of the president
- james buchanan
- 15 president
- War Hawk
- One who favors war
- Confederation
- A loose alliance of states
- federal trade commission
- federal agency to investigate businesses to inforce laws
- rutherford b. hayes
- president who ended reconstruction
- Puritans
- Members of a religious group known for its strict beliefs
- sanford b. dole
- ami businessmen who became pres of government after queen was pushed out
- Daniel Webster
- A Senate leader from Massachusetts
- rough riders
- fighting unit led by teddy roosevelt
- american expeditionary force
- american military force that fought in WWI
- Stamp Act
- Law passed by Parliament to make colonists buy a stamp to place on many items such as wills and newspapers
- jefferson davis
- president of the confederacy
- division of labor
- assignment of differnt jobs to differnt indivi.
- samuel j. tilden
- pres. canidate for democrats
- Roger Sherman
- Delegate who developed the Great Compromise
- patronage
- giving of government jobs to people who helped you get elected
- Judiciary Act of 1789
- Law that set up the national court system
- utopian communites
- designed to be perfect societes
- Executive Branch
- The branch of government that makes laws
- Chief Executive
- President of the United States
- hideki tojo
- prime minister of japan during WWII
- King Philip's War
- Conflict between settlers and Native Americans
- joseph stalin
- communist dictator of the soviet union
- telegraph
- device that sends messgaes by wires
- V-E day
- victory in europe day, nazi germany surrenders
- adolf hitler
- nazi dictator of germany
- chester nimitz
- commander of the american naval forces in the pacific
- mestizo
- person of mixed spanish and native american heritage
- jane adams
- social reformer who helped poor
- henry cabot lodge
- conservative senetor who wanted to keep the u.s. out of the league of nations
- new mexico
- spanish colonies in NA
- espionage and sedition acts
- laws that enacted harsh punishments against anyone who opposed participation in the war
- freeport doctrine
- idea that any territory could ban slavery simply by refusing slavery laws
- KKK
- terrorist group of white southerners who were racist against blacks
- munn v. illinois
- court case that gave government right to regulate private industry
- capitalism
- economic system in which individuals and businesses control the means of production
- daniel burnham
- chicago architect
- Treaty of Ghent
- Treaty that ended the War of 1812
- frederick law olmsted
- developer of central park
- mark twain
- pen name of the novelist samuel clemens
- Aaron Burr
- Democratic-Republican and running mate of Thomas Jefferson in the 1800 election
- emilio aguinaldo
- filipino rebel leader
- kinship
- family ties
- george m. pullman
- inventor of the sleeping car
- tuskegee normal and industrial institute
- school headed by booker t. washington
- lusitania
- british passanger ship attacked and sunk by germans
- blitzkrieg
- lightning war strategy used by germany against poland
- grover cleveland
- 22nd and 24th president
- Townshend Acts
- Laws passed by Parliament in 1767 that set taxes on imports to the colonies
- Industrial Revolution
- A change in the making of goods from small workshops to large factories that used machines
- Blockade
- Sealing ports to prevent other ships from entering or leaving
- civil disobediance
- the form of protest that calls on people to disobey unjust laws
- compromise of 1850
- series or measures that were intended to settle the disagreements between free states and slave states
- Enlightenment
- Intellectual movement that started in Europe
- mormons
- religious group that settled near great salt lake
- red cross
- relief angency founded by clara barton in 1881
- stephen f. austin
- leader of american colony in texas
- sarah and angelina grimke
- leaders in the abolitionists movement
- Lewis and Clark
- Leaders of an expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase
- Samuel Adams
- One of the founders of the Sons of Liberty
- chester a. arthur
- 21 president
- soujourner truth
- former slave who became womens rights activist
- gettysburg address
- inportant speech by lincoln
- scalawag
- white southerner who joined republican party
- atlantic charter
- british and american statement of goals for fighting WWII
- pope
- pueblo religious leader who led uprising against spanish
- hiram revels
- first black senator
- strike
- work stoppages by workers
- antietam
- union victory
- kongo
- small kingdoms on the lower congo river
- battle of midway
- american victory that was a turning point in the pacific war
- manifest destiny
- belief that the united states would expand across the continent
- gifford pinchot
- head of the u.s. forest service
- market revolution
- economic changes where people buy and sell goods
- horizontal integration
- process in which companies producing
- charles de gaulle
- head of french government in exile in england
- ulysses s. grant
- union general
- allie
- one side in WWI great britain france and russia
- abraham lincoln
- 16TH PRES during civil war
- sharcropping
- system in which landowners leased their land in return for portion of crops
- Preamble
- Introduction to the Constitution
- nuremberg trials
- tribunal that tired nazi leaders for war crimes
- State of the Union Address
- Message delivered by the president once a year
- andersonville
- confederate war camp
- John Winthrop
- Leader of the first settlers at Massachusetts Bay Colony
- land grant
- gift of public land to an individual
- san juan hill
- important american victory in cuba
- fort sumter
- union fort in charleston SC
- nuclear family
- household consisting of mom dad and children
- pure food and drug act
- law to stop the sale of unclean food and drugs
- george marshall
- army chief of staff during WWII
- Tariff of Abominations
- Henry Clay's name for an 1828 tariff increase
- cyrus mc cormick
- inventor of the mechanical reaper
- Nationalism
- A belief that national interests as a whole should be more important than what one region wants
- reparations
- payments made by defeated countries after a war
- david lloyd george
- british prime minister
- Francisco franco
- facist dictator of spain
- open door notes
- message sent by john hay to other countries to protect u.s. trading in china
- Kayshaya Pomo
- Native indian group from california
- Inflation
- Rise in the price of goods
- frederick douglas
- noted abolitionsits leader
- christopher columbus
- itailian explorer who sailed to north america for spain
- master
- a skilled artisan who owned a business and employed others
- benito mussolini
- facist dictator of italy
- mary harris jones
- organizer for the united mine workers
- Anne Hutchinson
- Puritan dissenter banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony who fled to Rhode Island in 1638
- XYZ Affair
- American anger over bribes demanded by French diplomats
- Second Continental Congress
- The meeting of colonial delegates that approved the Declaration of Independence
- Patriots
- Colonists who wanted independence from Britain
- Thomas Jefferson
- Main author of the Declaration of Independence
- bleeding kansas
- nickname given to territory cause of the violence
- pueblo
- native american group eastern NA
- office of price administration
- agency that fought inflation
- encomienda
- brutal spanish system of native labor
- John Jay
- Negotiated a treaty with Britain over territory
- Intolerable Acts
- A series of laws set up by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for it protests against the British
- militarism
- building up armed forces to prepare for war
- radical republican
- one the congressional republicans who wanted to destroy the polical power of southerners
- Martin Van Buren
- Eighth president
- Enumerated Powers
- Powers specifically granted in the Constitution
- protectorate
- a country that is partly controlled by another, stronger country
- Treaty of Paris
- Treaty that officially ended the war
- jim crowe laws
- laws that helped segregation
- confederacy
- Confederate States of America
- transcontinental railroad
- a railroad that crosses the entire country
- prince henry
- protugese prince who started a school for sailors
- bull run
- battle won by confederates
- graft
- use of political influence for personal gain
- Democratic-Republicans
- Jefferson's political party and ancestors of today's Democratic Party
- john c. fremont
- republican canidate in the 1856 presidential election
- niagra movement
- insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts education
- House of Representatives
- Lower house of the national legislature
- franklin pierce
- 14th president
- holocaust
- systematic murder of 11 million jews by the nazis
- Douglas MacArthur
- american commander in the phillippines
- benin
- african kingdom around the niger river
- rural free delivery
- system that brought packages directly to the home
- treaty of paris
- treaty that ended the spanish american war
- Cotton Gin
- Eli Whitney's invention for cleaning cotton
- Andrew Jackson
- Military hero and seventh president
- Federalism
- The division of power between the federal and state governments
- alamo
- site of a key battle in the texas revoultion
- republic of texas
- independent nation that was created after texans defeated mexico in the texas revoulution
- sam houston
- first president of the republic of texas
- second great awakening
- widespread spiritual gathering
- iroquois
- native americans in eastern NA
- totalitarian
- government that has complete control over its citizens and puts down all opposition
- compromise of 1877
- ended reconstruction and gave presidency to hayes
- chinese exclusion act
- limited chinese immigration
- charles grandison finney
- an important precher in the revivalist movement
- trench warfare
- fighting between fortified ditches
- social gospel movement
- movement that urged people to help the poor
- armistice
- truce agreement
- habeas corpus
- court order that says people have a right to know why they are being jailed
- Republic
- A government in which the people elect representative to govern
- Roger Williams
- Puritan dissenter who set up a new colony in Rhode Island
- emancipation proclamation
- order issued by lincoln freeing slaves behind confederate lines
- gentlemens agreement
- limited jap immigration to u.s.
- Interchangeable Parts
- Standardized parts that can be used in place of one another
- King George lll
- King of England during the American Revolution
- conservation
- the planned management of natural resources
- Articles of Confederation
- The set of laws that established the first government of the United States
- wilmont proviso
- bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the war with mexico
- fifty four forty or fight
- u.s. call for annexation of oregon territory
- plessy v. ferguson
- court case uphelp the jim crowe laws
- texas revolution
- texas war for independence
- jamestown
- first permanent settlement
- roosevelt corollary
- roosevelts extension of the monroe doctrine
- Embargo
- A ban on exporting goods to other countries
- square deal
- president roosevelt's program of progressive reforms
- zimmerman note
- message proposing an alliance between germany and mexico against the u.s.
- fugitive slave act
- law that provided for harsh treatment for escaped slaves and for those who helped them
- platt amendment
- provisions in the cuban consition that gave the u.s. broad rights in that country
- Sir Edmund Andros
- Governor appointed by the king of England to govern over the Dominion of England
- susan b. anthony
- leader of women suffrage movement
- Midnight Judge
- Judge appointed to the Supreme Court by President Adams late on the last day of his administration
- Pontiac
- Native American leader who fought the British
- melting pot
- mixture of different cultures living together
- w.e.b. du bois
- first african america to recieve ph.d from harvard
- millard fillmore
- 13th president
- francisco "pancho" villa
- mexican revolutionary
- Three-Fifths Compromise
- Compromise that allowed states to count three-fifths of their slaves as part of the population
- fifteeth amendment
- banned states from denying african americans the right to vote
- alfred t. mahan
- american imperialist who urged the building of the u.s. navy
- nonagression pact
- agreement between germany and russia not to fight one another
- mass transit
- transportation system that moved large numbers of people
- conscientious objector
- person who believes fighting is wrong and therefore doesn't want to be in the military
- Neutrality
- To support neither side
- poll tax
- money one had to pay in order to vote
- Proclamation of 1763
- Law limiting the area of English settlement
- Proprietor
- Owner of a colony
- Trail of Tears
- Path the Cherokee were forced to travel from Georgia to Indian Territory
- eugene v. debbs
- leader of the american railway company
- ralph waldo emerson
- leading transcendentalist philosopher
- u.s.s. maine
- u.s. warship that exploded in a cuban harbor
- americanization movement
- program to teach ami culture to immigrants
- Double Jeopardy
- Being tried more than once for the same crime
- monitor
- union ironclad
- French and Indian War
- War that gave the British control of North America
- Little Turtle
- Native American leader who led Native American confederacy against Americans in the Battle of Fallen Timbers
- George Grenville
- Financial expert who was appointed prime minister of Britain in 1763
- yellow journalism
- exaggerating stories to attract attention
- nationalism
- a devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation
- free soil party
- political party formed to oppose extending slavery in the territories
- Electoral College
- A group selected to elect the president, in which each state's number of electors in equal to the number of its senators and representatives in Congress
- political machine
- groupe that controlled a political party
- secession
- decision by a state to leave the union
- National Road
- A federally funded road, stretching from Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois
- Navigation Acts
- Laws passed by the British to control colonial trade
- GI bill of rights
- law passed by congress to help servicemen readjust to civillan life