Political Science Final Exam

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The "standard model" of how judges should make decisions says that they ought to consider three sets of factors: the facts of a case, the applicable laws, and?: any applicable precedents
The view that judges should discern the general principles underlying laws or the Constitution and apply them to modern circumstances is called?: judicial activism
The term "senatorial courtesy" refers to?: presidents consulting senators before appointing judges
In lecture it was pointed out that the House and Senate are quite different from one another. An example of the difference is?: Senators have the right to filibuster; House members don't
The principle of stare decisis is important because?: it makes the law stable and predictable
The "Civil Rights Restoration Act" was an example of?: the working of the checks-and-balances system
A "clientele" department would be found in?: the "outer" cabinet
The process of judicial selection has become harsher and more partisan since the Senate's rejection of President Reagan's Supreme Court nominee?: Robert Bork
The term "rule making" describes?: the process OCR went through when interpreting Title IX
An order from the House Rules Committee that limits debate and forbids amendment fo a bill is called a?: closed rule
President Bush has used his signing statements mainly to?: influence the interpretation of legislation
Member of Congress use riders to?: get their pet projects passed
A parliamentary system is one in which?: the chief executive is picked by the legislature
Bureaucrats are expected to treat citizens "impersonally" because?: they are trying to avoid favoritism and discrimination
Representatives who always tries to vote the way their constituencies would like them to are called?: delegates
Which of the following presidents is an example of "the president as Samson?": Gerald Ford
When committees of Congress do "oversight", they are?: watching the bureaucracy to be sure it follows Congress's intent
Rep. Nancy Pelosi of California wil soon become the top leader in the House when she assumes the tile of?: Speaker
An appropriation is a bill in Congress that gives?: a grant of money to finance a program or agency
The account of retirement reform in Wasserman demonstrates the importance of?: an issue network
President Nixon rationale for refusing to turn over the Watergate tapes was based on?: his claim of executive privelege
The chair of a House committee is always: a member of the majority power
When a partisan realignment occurs?: the parties can better address the key issues of the day
A push poll is?: influence voters' decisions in a upcoming election
The fact that most U.S. elected officials are chosen from single-member districts in winner-take-all elections helps explain?: the fact that the U.S. has only two major political parties
A primary motivation behind the creation of the Electoral College as a mechanism for selecting the president was?: distrust of ordinary people
When Congress banned "soft money," the main effect was?: to force interest groups to find another way to fund campaigns
According to your text, when people participate in party politics or in an interest group as a result of "solidary" incentives, they are looking for?: social life
What is an example of a "public interest" orginization?: The League of Women Voters
"Structural" bias in the mass media results from?: the fact that media outlets are business
The "free rider" problem arises because?: it is not rational for individuals to contribute to public interest groups
An important part of the job of a "lobbyist" is?: to advise legislators what interest groups think about proposed law
Most delegates to national party conventions are now selected by?: voters in primaries
Which of the following is a position on a "valence" issue?: opposition to terrorism
If a canidate asks for votes on the basis of her successful record in public office, she is appealing to voters who are inclined to vote?: retrospectivly
The argument that interest groups, taken as a whole, are representative of the opinions and interests of the whole population is usuall made by?: pluralists
Some interest groups pursue goals that, if attained, will principally benefit people who are not members of the groups. These groups are called?: public interest groups
Since the 1970s, the public opinion on the issue of abortion has been?: moderate and stable
The reelection campaign of Rep. Dick Hayes, described in Wasserman, describd a congressional district that was?: safe for the incumbent Democrat
According to Wasserman, while the Democrats have had the advantage in registering new voters, Republicans have had the advantage in?: targeting
The "Harry and Louise" advertisements criticized?: President Clinton's health plan
Which kind of "bias" is most evident in media coverage of the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal?: anti-establishment bias
The most important early events for choosing the nominees for president are the New Hampshire primary and the?: Iowa caucuses
The social base of the Democratic party has for decades been rooted in the lower socio-econmic classes. This is a result of?: the realignment of the early 1930s, when the New Deal appealed to those hurting most in the depression
The case of Everson v. Board of Education established the doctrine of?: full seperation of church and state
An unfunded mandate is?: a federal law which states must carry out using their own money
The Electoral College is part of the Constitution's answer to which basic question about government?: Who governs?
In Grutter v. Bollinger the Supreme Court ruled that?: racial diversity can be a compelling state interest
Dividing power between the states and the national government is called?: federalism
The part of the Constitution that goes into the most detail in spelling out the powers of the national government is?: Article I-the Congress
Generally, the Antfederalists thought that the government created by the U.S. Constitution was?: too strong and centralized
According to Mr. Walcott, the most basic purpose of any Constitution is to?: place limits on the powers of government
In discussing the "culture wars", your text seperates Americans into two groups?: the orthodox and the progressive
"Selecting incorporation" means?: that federal rights have been applied to the states, but only one at a time
The "emergency power" used at the outset of the Civil War is an example of Constitutional change through?: presidential practice
When racial discrimination is the deliberate result of the law, we call it?: de jure discrimination
According to Madison in Federalist 10, a "faction" is?: a dangerous group that can either be a minority or a majority
Many of the constitutional amendments passed in the 20th century tended to fall into a pattern of?: extending democratic participation right to more people
The "Meal Deal" of 1790 described in Wasserman resulted in a compromise involving?: the location of the national capital
The No Child Left Behind program is discussed in Wasserman as an example of?: cooperative federalism
The Grutter and Gratz cases illustrate "judicial activism" in that?: the justices of the Court assumed the role of public policy makers
Speech Codes: potentially create a conflict of civil liberties vs. civil rights
In Federalist 51, Madison is primarily interested in defending?: separation of powers
The process of returning more of the responsiblities of governing from the national level to the state level is known as?: devolution
Madison and his fellow Federalists believed that the worst kind of tyranny was?: tyranny by a majority of people
Compared to people in other countries, Americans typically have a low degree of?: class conciousness
Majoritarian Politics: a policy in which almost everybody benefits and almost everybody pays
Interest Group Politics: a policy in which one group benefits and another small group pays
Client Politics: a policy in which one small group benefits and almost everybody pays
Entrepreneurial Politics: a policy in which almost everybody benefits and a small group pays the cost
Policy entrepreneurs: activists in or out of government who pull together a political majority on behalf of unorganized interests
Process Regulation: rules governing commercial activities designed to improve consumer, worker, or environmental conditions
Gross Domestic Product: the total of all goods and services produced in the economy during a given year
Monetarism: the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods
Keynesianism: the belief the government must manage the economy by spending more money in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
Economic Planning: the belief that government plans, such as wage and price controls or the direction of investment, can improve the economy
Supply-Side Theory: the belief that lower taxes and fewer regulations will stimulate the economy
Reaganomics: the belief that a combination of monetarism, lower federal spending, and supply-side economics will stimulate the economy
Monetary Policy: managing the economy by altering the supply of money and interest rates
Fiscal Policy: managing the economy by the use of tax and spending laws
Budget Resolution: a congressional decision that states the maximum amount of money the government should spend
Entitlements: a claim for government funds that cannot be changed without violating the rights of the claimant
Insurance Program: a self-financing government program based on contributions that provide benefits to unemployed or retired persons
Assistance Program: a government program financed by general income taxes that provides benefits to poor citizens without requiring contribution from them
Means Test: an income qualification program that determines whether one is eligible for benefits under government programs reserved for lower-income groups
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): a provision of a 1975 law that entitles working families with children to receive money from the government if their total income is below a certain level. The program was extended in the early 1990's
Containment: the belief that the U.S. should resist the expansion of aggressive nations, especially the former Soviet Union
Disengagement: the belief that the U.S.
was harmed by its war in Vietnam and so should avoid supposedly similar events
Miltary-Industrial Complex: an alleged alliance between miltary leaders and corporate leaders
Cost Overruns: when the money actually paid to military suppliers exceeds the estimated costs
Gold Plating: the tendency of Pentagon officials to ask weapons contractors to meet excessively high requirements
Environmental Impact Statement: a report required by federal law that assesses the possible effect of a project on the environment if the project is funded in whole or part by federal funds
Command-and-Control Strategy: a strategy to improve air and water quality, involving the setting of detailed pollution standards and rules

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Number of cards 93