HCHS Sociology Study Guide I Vocab.
HCHS Sociology with Mr. Daly - Study Guide I Vocab.
Terms
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- Culture
- system of values, norms, symbols, and knowledge that a society shares; Culture is both concrete and abstract
- Nonmaterial Culture
- composed of abstract human creations or ideas; ex- Manners, religion, love, language, family/group structure
- Cultural Values
- collection of what is considered good, desirable, and proper in a culture
- Latent Function
- "secondary" function; hidden
- Folkways
- everyday habits and conventions that come naturally; People who violate are consider eccentric or rude, but as a rule they are tolerated; Examples - RSP to invitations, writting thank you cards,
- Scientific Method
- systematic, organied series of research steps that emphasize objectivity and consistency
- Enlightenment
- 18th Century philosophical movement ; emphasized the use of reason to examine doctrines and traditions; led to a scientific approach to social, political, and economic problems; inspired revolutions in US, France, Latin America
- Social Interactions: Regular
- Not planned, but very common; Saying hello to someone you see everyday (secretary, doorman)
- Taboos
- Prohibition against one of society's most important mores; belief that you are unfit for society, tends to be exiled; To weird through some type of action
- Social Interactions: Accidental
- Not planned; Not likely to be repeated; Speer-of-the-moment thing; Example - asking where something is, directions
- Mores
- Traditional rules of a people or a society that have powerful moral significance attached to them; Sever consequences; Examples - prohibitions against incest, murder, and stealing
- Society
- arge number of people who live in the same area, see themselves as separate and different from people outside their territory and participate in a common culture
- Social Interactions: Regulated
- Planned; Regulated by custom and/or law; Plan on driving the speed-limit; Shake hands when meeting someone
- Subculture
- group of people who share broad traditions of a culture but also follow values and norms that are unique to them
- Relative Symbols
- Red cross - medical; Green cross - Europe - "drug store"; Rock on; Peace; Rising your hand
- Real Culture
- is what is actually reflected by peoples actions; Example - Voting, drugs, underage drinking, going to church; What we actually do
- Social Facts
- social activity or situation that can be observed and measured. Examples - Economics, Crime statistics (Tools to prove theories)
- Ideal Culture
- represents what people should do; Cultural aspects they should adhere to; That everyone votes; Idea of what we should do
- Norms
- guidelines people follow in their relations to one and other; Can be as big or small as you want to make it ii. Examples: eye contact while talking; murder, morning exchanges, Please & thank you, Way to kids talk to adults, Letting pedestrians cross
- Symbols: Lang.
- verbal exchanges, often have definite meaning
- Sociology
- he study of society; Groups, people; patterns of human behavior
- Material Culture
- refers to tangible objects that reflect culture; ex - Houses, cars, clothes, watches
- Social Interactions: Repeated
- Not necessarily planned but bound to happen; You have basis of knowing what you are going to say; "common ground"
- Counterculture
- group that rejects the values and norms of larger culture and replaces them with a new set; goes against mainstream culture; Examples - gangs, hippies, skinheads, militia groups
- Manifest Function
- "main" function; obvious
- Variables
- Measurable traits that are subject to change under different conditions
- Sanctions
- Rewards and punishments
- Symbols: Signs
- nonverbal,, tend to be more flexible than language
- Universal Symbols
- Stop sign; Red stop; Green = go; Bio-Hazard symbol; Skull & cross bones
- Symbols
- Commonly understood gestures, words, objects, and sounds, that have come to stand for a particular meaning; Different cultures = different symbols