Chapter 4 and 5 Government Test
Terms
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- civil liberties
- individual legal and Constitutional protections against govt.
- final interpreter of civil liberties
- supreme court
- bill of rights adopted primarily in response to what?
- british abuses of the colonists' civil liberties
- barron v. baltimore
- bill of rights did not apply to states
- guarentees of 1st amendment
- freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition
- gitlow v. new york
- overturned barron v. baltimore b/c of 14th amendment
- the supreme court has relied on the due process clause to do what?
- incorporate the bill of rights into state law
- why does the u.s. not have an established church?
- establishment clause of the first amendment
- polygamy has been rules as illegal despite what?
- the free exercise clause of the 1st amendment
- when can freedom of expression be limited?
- when it endangers the govt.
- near v. minnesota
- no prior restraint for newspapers
- what is the only area the supreme court has allowed prior restraint for newspapers?
- high school
- ny times v. u.s.
- pentagon papers case
- schenck v. u.s.
- speech can be restrained if there is a clear and present danger
- is obscenity protected under the Constitution?
- no
- ny times v. sullivan
- say anything you want
- what is symbolic speech?
- expression by conduct (burning a flag, arm bands)
- who regulates commercial speech?
- federal trade movement
- naacp v. alabama
- did not have to turn over membership list
- most of the wording of the bill of rights concerns what?
- the rights of people accused of crimes
- fourth amendement
- search and seizure
- exclusionary rule of the first amendment
- illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court
- fifth amendment
- prohibits self-incrimination; right to be silent.
- miranda v. arizona
- must be read your rights
- gideon v. wainwright
- must have attorney in felony cases
- how are most court cases settled?
- plea bargaining (plea to a lesser offense)
- eighth amendment
- cruel and unusual punishment
- gregg v. georgia
- capital punishment is legal
- is the right to privacy specifically stated in the bill of rights?
- no
- roe v. wade
- legalized abortion
- griswold v. connecticut
- privacy implied in bill of rights
- civil rights
- policies that extend basic rights to groups historically subject to discrimination
- what does equality of opportunity mean?
- everyone has a chance to succeed
- what 3 amendments were passed after the civil war?
- 13, 14, 15
- fourteenth emendment
- EPC, Due Process, Incorporation Doctrine
- Equal protection of the laws
- does not deny states trating classes of citizens differently if the classification is reasonable
- dredd scott v. sandford
- slaves are property
- 13th amendment
- ended slavery
- jim crow laws
- black codes (segregation laws)
- plessy v. ferguson
- "separate but equal"
- brown v. board of education
- overturned plessy and stated desegregation
- after brown v. board, how did school integration in the south proceed?
- slowly
- martin luther king jr.
- biggest civil rights leader
- rosa parks
- beginning of the civil rights movement
- the civil rights act of 1964
- denied federal funds to segregated schools
- 15th amendment
- gave black men right to vote
- guinn v. u.s.
- outlawed grandfather clause
- 24th amendment
- no poll tax
- the white primary
- only whites could vote to see who would run for election
- 19th amendment
- women's suffrage
- equal rights amendment
- fell short by 3 states
- men and women's pay
- men get paid more than women
- "gray liberation" movement
- baby boomers approach the status of minority majority
- americans with disabilities act
- can't discriminate against the disabled
- regents of the university of california v. bakke
- shot down quota part of affirmative action
- what is the goal of affirmative action?
- equal results
- adarand construction v. pena
- beginning of supreme court lessening affirmative action
- viewpoints of those for and against affirmative action
- for - overcome past discriminations. against - reverse discrimination