Socials Defs.
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- The Caravel
- could take long voyages because they had lateen sails (they were built by the Portuguese)
- arranged marriage
- a marriage in which the parents choose the marriage partners
- The Galley
- long narrow ship propelled by oars (formed the backbone of the Venetian navy)
- mercenary soldiers
- hired soldiers
- Quadrant
- measures the height of the Sun above the horizon. Shows the captain how far North they are
- Peace of Augsburg
- the rulers of each state in Germany chose a religion for their people
- condotierre
- a leader of mercenary soldiers in Italy
- Spanish Main
- coastal waters of northern South America
- Battle of Bosworth Field
- the battle that Henry VII won and came to power in thus ending the Wars of the Roses
- purgatory
- the place in which a person's soul was thought to suffer until all sins were punished
- Edict of Nantes
- a royal announcement that allowed Protestants to practice their own religion in France
- Traverse board
- used with an hourglass to keep the ship on track
- perspective
- giving the appearance of distance on a 2D surface
- to commission
- to hire one for a specific purpose
- baroque
- an elaborate artistic style typical of the 1550-1750
- Compass
- the whole compass rose turned and the arrow pointed north
- to sponsor
- to pay expenses in return for part of the profits
- Log Line
- measures a ship's speed. A triangular piece of wood attached to a rope that is knotted.
- the Secret Council of Ten
- a council that had the power to imprison and torture or execute any citizen in secret
- vanity
- worthless pleasure
- Henry VIII's 6th marriage
- to Catherine Parr. She was lucky enough to outlive him
- Mary I
- Mary easily defeated Lady Jane Grey and became Queen of England. She was actually quite kind but the people's views of her changed when she burned popular Protestants in hope of turning England Catholic
- maritime
- having to do with the sea
- mutiny
- an open rebellion of sailors against their officers
- Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre
- Catherine de Medici urged everyone to kill Protestants at a royal wedding. Soon the killing spread to the streets and all of France. The resulting war lasted until 1598 when Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes.
- Jesuits
- a society of Jesus - it protected the Church and spread the Catholic message
- The Medieval Cog
- able to carry passengers and cargo short distances they were very hard to maneuver
- stagnation
- sluggish/inactive nation
- patron
- someone who buys art and supports artists
- Council of Trent
- a council that met and confirmed the Church's approval of various things that Protestants objected to
- courtier
- an attendant at a royal court
- fresco
- a water colour painting done on wet plaster
- gunnery
- the art of firing cannons quickly and accurately which was difficult on a rolling ship
- Renaissance man
- a term used to describe a person skilled in many areas
- indulgence
- a cancellation of punishment for sins
- Sea Dogs
- English sea captains authorized to raid Spanish ships and towns
- Elizabethan
- having to do with England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I
- junk
- a Chinese sailing vessel (sometimes very large)
- Elizabeth I
- was a Renaissance Queen. She never married and turned England into a peaceful Protestant religion
- scurvy
- a potentially fatal sickness from lack of vitamin C. Suffers became weak; their teeth fall out; their gums swell and bleed; and their skin gets splotchy
- topography
- surface features of a religion
- hinterland
- area surrounding a city
- progressive
- puts new ideas into practice
- diplomacy
- managing relations between nations
- ether
- an extremely pure substance once thought to occupy the upper regions of space
- woodcutter
- an artist who engraves a picture on wood and uses it like a stamp
- merchant adventurer
- an independent merchant who bands with others to finance business ventures
- Henry VIII's 2nd marriage
- to Anne Boleyn a young lady-in-waiting of Catherine's. He seeked a divorce from Catherine in order to marry Anne. Anne produced a daughter Elizabeth and was beheaded for high treason in 1536
- pilot
- someone who knows local waters and can guide ships
- Inquisition
- a Church court that tried heretics (people who disagreed with Church teachings)
- The Galleon
- could carry lots of cargo and could sail reasonably fast with the wind
- Wars of the Roses
- a chain of civil wars in England
- simony
- the buying and selling of church positions
- etcher
- an artist who engraves a picture on metal plate and uses it like a stamp
- Henry VIII's 3rd marriage
- to Jane Seymour. She died giving birth to Edward VI which some historians claim is because the doctors were too eager to save a royal son at the expense of the mother
- the Inquisition
- an organization previously used to stop heresy
- letters patent
- an official document giving a person authority to do something
- The Dhow
- early Arab ships that used lateen sails
- vernacular
- the language spoken by common folk
- Edward VI
- was nine-years old when he became King. He was put under the care of Protestant regents and died when he was only sixteen. He appointed Lady Jane Grey to the throne in hope of keeping a Protestant England
- oligarchy
- government that is governed by a few rich people
- bull
- an official order from the pope with his lead seal 'bulla' attached
- cottage industry
- a business in which hired workers produce goods in their own homes
- tuberculosis
- a disease to the lungs that is common and always fatal. Also called 'consumption'
- dowry
- money paid to the family of the groom by the family of the bride
- Doge of Venice
- the supreme ruler (he was elected for life)
- remission
- cancellation
- human anatomy
- the science of the structure of the human body
- lateen sails
- a triangular sail on a short mast
- armada
- a fleet of war ships
- salvation
- rescue from the consequences of sin
- conquistador
- Spanish for 'conqueror'
- smallpox
- a fatal and highly contagious disease
- proportion
- a correct relation amoung parts
- Lodestone
- a compass
- blasphemous
- showing contempt for sacred things
- mortal sin
- the worst kind of sin (eg. murder)
- Henry VIII's 4th marriage
- to Anne of Cleves a Protestant. Henry disapproved of her and the marriage ended
- dogma
- the official teachings of the church
- republic
- a state in which the citizens elect representatives to form a government
- mission
- headquarters for Jesuit efforts to convert others to Catholicism
- congress
- collection
- Dominican
- a Catholic religious order
- Henry VIII's 5th marriage
- to Catherine Howard who was much younger than Henry. She lost interest in him and was beheaded after being convicted of high treason
- regent
- a person appointed to rule in place of a monarch who is too young, ill or old to rule
- Henry VIII's 1st marriage
- to Catherine of Aragon the widow of his older brother Arthur. Catherine was older but produced one child named Mary. He divorced Catherine in 1533
- predestination
- a belief that the fate of every person's soul was decided by God long ago
- nepotism
- the giving of jobs to undeserving relatives