Mabank World History TAKS
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Popular Sovereignty
- The concept that political power rests with the people who create and can alter or abolish government.
- Founding of Jamestown
- 1607 first colony in America. Established representative government based on the British system of government
- Thomas Jefferson
- He wrote the Declaration of Independence, was the 3rd president of the U.S.A. and made the Louisiana purchase
- Infant Mortality
- average number of children that die by the age of 5
- States Rights
- issue of the Civil War. South believed the States had more power than the Federal Government
- Demographics
- statistical data of a population like - GDP per capita, Life Expectance, Literacy Rate, Infant mortality, ethnicity, religion etc
- Canals
- artificial waterway for navigation, irrigation
- Suez Canal
- water way through Egypt that connect the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea
- Famine
- extreme hunger and scarcity of food
- Republicanism
- The form of government where people elect representatives the create and enforce laws
- freedmans bureau
- provided: food, clothing, jobs, medical care, schools for former slaves and the poor whites
- Checks and Balances
- each branch of government has a way to restrict/check the actions of the other 2 branches
- Hammurabi
- Mesopotamian king who created the first written law code
- Standard of living
- quality of life, such as housing, health, education
- Direct Democracy
- government where citizens vote directly on laws - ex: Athens
- Middle Ages
- period in Europe that began after the fall of the Roman Empire Characterized by feudalism, Roman Catholic Church was the unifier of the age with more power than Kings/Lords
- Capitalism/Market Economy
- an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit (money)
- Panama Canal
- water way through Panama that shortens the distance by water from East coast of the US to the West Coast
- Stamp Act
- Taxes are placed on books, papers, and newspapers.
- Samuel Adams
- one of the founders of the sons of liberty
- Magnetic Compass
- Chinese invention that helped make sea travel across the Atlantic Ocean possible
- Battle of Saratoga
- Turning point of the Revolutionary War-inspired Americans that they could win
- mercantalism
- the idea that colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country
- Nullification Crisis
- prelude to the Civil War. South Carolina believed a State had the power to override the Federal (National) Government
- Federalist Papers
- Articles published to get support for the Constitution.
- Per Capita Income
- average income per person
- THomas Jefferson
- wrote the declaration of independence
- Henry Ford
- He created the first assembly line used for manufacturing of automobiles
- John_Hancock
- American revolutionary patriot who was president of the Continental Congress
- George Washington
- Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War
- John Locke
- Proposed the ideas of natural rights - life liberty, property
- redcoats
- nickname for British soldiers, whose uniforms made them ideal targets
- Abraham Lincoln
- President of the United States during the Civil War
- Battle of Yorktown
- last major battle of revolutionary war
- Longitude
- up and down - vertical lines on a map
- horizontal integration
- the merging of companies that make similar products
- Patrick Henry
- "...give me liberty or give me death", "I am an american not a virginian" VA
- Scientific Revolution
- surge in scientific discovery in Europe
- Oligarchy
- government ruled by a few powerful people
- English Bill of Rights
- guaranteed/protected basic rights of the English citizens and foundation for US Bill of Rights
- advantage
- Something that is helpful or useful
- Cottage industry
- making goods out of the home
- Tariff
- A tax on foreign goods
- Federalist
- supporters of the Constitution. They favored a strong national government.
- Migration
- movement of people from on country or location to another
- Magna Carta
- law code signed by King John of England that limited his power and was the first time for limited government
- Continental congress
- the legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution; they issued the Declaration of Independence and framed Articles of Confederation
- 15th
- No denial to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
- 1776
- The Declaration of Independence is signed on July 4
- Schism
- split in the church
- Atlantic Slave Trade
- millions of Africans were enslaved and transported across the Atlantic Ocean to work on plantations in the Americas and Caribbean region
- Anti-Federalist
- opposed to the Constitution because it gave too much power to the national government and not enough to the states. They also wanted individual rights protected
- vertical_integration
- absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution
- Besemer process
- the process that made iron into a lighter, more flexible an rust-resistant metal, steal
- Cathedrals
- Gothic Architecture used to show religious spirit during the Middle Ages
- Commercial Agriculture
- mass production of food
- The Senate
- Part of the Legislative Branch whose job is to makes the Laws
- liberty
- freedom of choice
- Industrialized
- having industries for the machine production of goods
- Justinian
- Emporer of the Byzantine Empire who wrote a law code
- 1066
- Battle of Hastings - centralized government
- Totalitarianism
- A form of government that controls every aspect of public and private life. EX: Hitler in Germany
- Sub-Saharan Africa .
- The land south of the Sahara Desert in Africa that includes some of the world's richest mineral deposits and fertile land.
- Printing Press
- Machine that allowed text to be mass produced which allowed the spreading of ideas
- Articles of Confederation
- US first plan of government that failed because of the weak central (national) government
- Factory System
- the production of goods in a factory through the use of machines and a large number of workers
- Straits
- a narrow passage of water connecting two large bodies of water
- Separation of Powers .
- Organization of government whichinto three branches - legislative, executive and judicial; proposed by Montesquieu
- Imperialism
- strong nations seek to dominate other countries (territories) politically, economically, or socially
- Subsistence economy
- similar to traditional economy and associated with subsistence agriculture
- 1791
- Year that the first 10 amendments to the Constitution were made which protected the rights of individuals from abuses of the national government
- Industrial Revolution
- shift from agriculture to industry (commercial industry) mass production of goods. It also led to the growth of cities and global trade
- Cuneiform
- writing system in the Fertile Crescent/Mesopotamia
- Draco
- Greek reformer who wrote a harch law code
- Literacy Rate
- percent of people in a country that can read and write
- Renaissance
- Rebirth of ideas, art, and architecture of the Greeks and Romans
- Montesquieu
- Proposed that a government should have 3 branches
- ziggurats
- Temples in the Fertile Crescent/Mesopotamia
- Silk Road
- trade route that went from China to the Middle East and into Europe - called the Silk Road b/c of the Silk only coming from China
- Barriers
- Thes slow down movement/migration
- Declaration of Independence
- sent to Britain (George III) with the grievances the Colonist had with England and why they were going to become their own Nation
- consent
- to agree to something
- Absolute Monarchy
- king/queen who has unlimited power
- Reconstruction
- the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union
- International Trade
- exchange of goods and ideas (commerce) between the new nations and different parts of the world expanded
- Continental Army
- The official army of the colonies, created by second continental congress and led by George Washington
- Fertile Crescent
- early river valley civilization located in modern day Iraq on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
- Communism/Command Economy
- an economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally
- Republic
- government were citizens elect representatives ex: Rome Greece
- Natural Barriers
- mountains, deserts and oceans
- thomas paine
- author of Common Sense, and "pamphlet" made to state the reasons for war and insult the british
- Emancipation Proclamation
- Statement made by Abraham Lincoln which essentially freed the slaves
- Constitutional Monarchy
- rulers power is limited by law - Great Britain's current form of government since Glorious Revolution
- Labor force
- people in a society that are willing and able to work
- disadvantage
- something that may make someone less successful
- Self Determination
- right of groups of people to create their own nation
- Enlightenment
- 18th century European movement that applied reason to all aspects of society and help changed government
- Humanism
- Renaissance Value that humans are important. It shifted the focus from the after life (religion) to a person's life on earth
- Age of Exploration & Colonization
- Europeans explored and conquered much of the world. Goal was to find trade route to Asia
- Monotheism
- belief in one god
- common sense
- a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation
- Life Expectancy
- average number of years people live
- urbanization
- The growth of cities
- Inalienable/Unalienable
- Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness same as natural or individual rights
- Adam Smith
- economic thinker that supported capitalism
- Indulgences
- pardon for sin. Martin Luther questioned the churches authority to pardon sin and especially the idea that you could buy the pardon
- Polytheism
- belief in many gods
- Iron Curtain
- Term used to describe the division between Western (democratic) Europe and Eastern (communist) Europe
- Sons of Liberty
- Group of patriots in favor of separation from England
- George Washington
- He was commander of the Continental Army, defeated Cornwallis at the Battle Yorktown, and 1st president of the U.S. A.
- mercenaries
- Hired foreign soldiers.
- Civil War
- U.S. was divided over the issues of states rights and slavery
- Bubonic Plague
- disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism
- Representative democracy
- citizens vote for representatives who make and enforce the laws. US form of government
- Latitude
- flat - horizontal lines on a map
- Mesoamerica civilizations
- developed complex societies such as Maya and Aztec
- Cotton Gin
- invented by Eli Whitney it removed the seeds from cotton quicker than by hand which helped increase production
- Straits of Hormuz
- A narrow body of water linking the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman causing a choke point.
- Crusaders
- Christian warriors sent to regain the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims that controlled
- Karl Marx
- economic thinker that developed communism
- 14th
- granted citizenship to all born in the US
- Irrigation Canals
- technology used by early farmers to get water to the crops
- Nationalism
- pride in ones country
- Federalism
- division of power between the national (federal) and state governments - ex.: national gov't coins money and the state gov't cannot
- Treaty of PAris 1783
- foramlly ended the AMerican Revolutionary War
- Glorious/Bloodless Revolution
- England's overthrow of the monarchy and establishment of a constitutional monarchy (representative government)
- Urban
- This is also referred to as a city
- Andean civilization
- developed complex societies such as the Inca
- Secularism
- belief in worldly rather than spiritual ideas
- 1215
- The year the Magna Carta, the cornerstone of English justice and law was signed
- Theocracy
- government where the religious leader run the government
- Natural Rights / Individual Rights
- Life, Liberty, property or Life, Liberty, the Pursuit of Happiness
- Columbian Exchange
- transfer of plants, animals, disease, and cultures between Europe, Asia and Africa (Old World) and North and South America (New World). It started with Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492
- 95 Theses
- Martin Luther's ideas that he posted on the chuch door at Wittenburg which questioned the Roman Catholic Church. This act began the Reformation
- Limited Government
- restrictions on the powers the government has like states cannot create money
- Traditional economy
- basic economy that was used in early farming and hunting and gathering societies
- Subsistence agriculture
- having just enough food to survive with very little left over
- Bartering
- trading goods or services for other goods or services
- Protestant Reformation
- movement that began to correct problem in the Roman Catholic Church. It caused a split and the development of Protestant Churches
- Diffusion/spatial exchange (cultural diffusion)
- the spread of ideas, people and places to new places