South and Central America- Exam
Terms
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- chile
- pinochet took over in coup in 1973 (until 1990)
- colombia
- 95% of emeralds in the world
- Guyana
- Former colony of Great Britain, The only English speaking country in SA
- Patagonia
- cold, windy, arid (leeward side of Andes) in argentina
- tikal
- most famous mayan ruins
- North Pole
- 90*N
- Polka
- national dance and music of paraguay
- windward
- The _______ (N and E) sides of the caribbean islands can receive up to 200 inches of rain a year
- Lake Titicaca
- Highest navigable lake in the world, in bolivia
- Indians
- bottom of hierarchy- legally free but usually treated like slaves
- Suriname
- They speak Dutch (connected to New York City b/c it was Dutch colony)
- Lake Maracaibo
- has oil wells, produces ½ of Venezuela's oil
- african
- Belize has more people of _____ descent than many other CA countries
- sport, commercial
- _____ fishing is good in caribbean, but _______ isn't (water isn't deep enough)
- Monroe Doctrine
- Spain and France wanted to set up colonies in LA, but in
- Indian
- ½ of Guatemala's population is of ________ descent
- haiti
- country w/ Roman Catholicism and Voodoo (religion based in west Africa)
- French Guiana
- Speak French, Only SA country that is still controlled by a European power
- guyana
- One of the poorest countries in SA, Capital is Georgetown
- 100
- CA has more than ____ active volcanoes
- brazil
- country that makes up ¼ of Latin America's economy
- Zambo
- Indian and African ancestry
- argentina
- 2nd largest physically, 3rd for population (behind Colombia)
- argentina
- Their constitution says that the president has to be a Catholic
- Central valley
- best farming (runoffs from Andes) in chile
- guyana
- Socialist/mixed economy—government owns most of major industries (bauxite)
- textiles
- guatemala is known for lots of ________ (Dozier says most beautiful in the world)
- Amazon Basin
- one of the world's "great empty spaces", in brazil
- colombia
- biggest cocaine producer (Brings in twice as much money as coffee)
- South
- marine climate—lots of rain, cold, inhospitable (chile)
- 90
- % of all SA live within 200 miles of the ocean
- brazil
- THINK 55 (5th most populous, and 5th largest physically) in the world
- Mountains
- feature running down the center of CA
- Iturbide
- Captured Morelos and executed him
- Creoles
- people born in LA but ancestors from Europe—wealthy landowners and lesser government officials
- 1823
- year of Monroe Doctrine
- colombia
- #1 country in bird species
- coffee, bananas, cotton
- 3 Biggest exports of CA
- colombia
- Coffee is 70% of their export (#2 after Brazil in SA)
- France
- Hispaniola was a colony of ______
- Dom Pedro
- man named Emperor of Brazil
- Trinidad and Tobago
- 43% Black and 40% Asian
- Shield
- an outcropping of exposed ancient rock
- Brazilian Shield
- place w/ lots of minerals in brazil (Iron ore, gold, bauxite, gems)
- Bolivia
- One of two landlocked SA countries, has Highest capital in the world
- Paraguay
- Landlocked, poor, and military dictatorship,has polka
- Toussaint L'Ouverture
- Ex-slave who became revolutionary's general in Hispaniola
- earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanoes
- three natural hazards in CA
- Dom Pedro
- Portugal's king's son, ruled Brazil
- Guatemala
- country that has the largest population in CA (12.7 million)
- guyana
- A lot of people from African and Asian (Chinese and East Indian) descent
- argentina
- Western hemisphere's highest mountain-Aconcagua
- Regent
- someone who rules in place of another
- brazil
- Largely self-sufficient for food, Only imports wheat, Big beef eaters
- bahamas
- Has to import almost all of its food—islands made of coral reef
- cuba
- One of the world's top exporters of sugar
- Jamaica
- english-speaking, Mountainous, less than 20% of land is arable, has bauxite
- bolivia
- country with the highest capital and navigable lake in the world
- chile
- Leads world in production of sodium nitrate
- Denmark
- US purchased their virgin islands in 1917 from ______
- chile
- 2,650 miles long (from New York to San Francisco) but thinner than 250 miles wide
- quechua
- language of the incans
- Textiles
- colombia's 2nd biggest legal export
- Brazil
- South America's largest country became its only monarchy
- shining path
- main commie group in peru
- chile
- Grapes, apples, and other citrus fruits important
- guyana
- Means "land of waters" (has a lot of swamps)
- Orinoco
- biggest river in venezuela, runs through llanos (savannah area)
- Galapagos Islands
- has the capital of Quito
- Bananas, coffee
- 50% of exports in honduras, 2 things
- Trinidad
- caribbean island with many people from Asia (India and China)
- Parallels of Latitude
- imaginary lines that run east and west that measure distances north and south of the equator
- bolivia
- ¾ of its cultivated land is used to grown coca
- el salvador
- country w/ a civil war from 1979-1992
- patagonia
- Spanish word for "big foot"
- Colombia
- Most ethnically varied country in all of SA
- colombia
- country that Gained independence in 1821
- Louisiana Purchase
- Napoleon sold huge tract of land to US for only $15 million (after losing Haiti, France's largest colony)
- Greater Antilles
- Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Hispaniola
- Costa Rica
- CA, Stable, highest standard of living, longest period of peace
- arable
- CA has very little _______ land
- Barbados
- Most densely populated country in the western hemisphere
- colombia
- country with El dorado
- republics/monarchies
- bolivar wanted _____/San Martin wanted _____
- Canal Zone
- Strip of land 10 miles wide coast to coast
- peru
- Was the former heartland of Incan empire, Cuzco was the capital
- Morelos
- A farmer turned priest, successor to Hildalgo in Mexico
- El Salvador
- Most densely populated country in CE (867 people per square mile)
- brazil
- Occupy ½ of SA and have ½ of population
- leeward
- ______ side of caribbean islands, only gets 30 inches
- Venezuela
- Means "little Venice"
- Haiti
- first black republic
- US, UK
- virgin islands, some belong to __ others to ____
- french guiana
- Gained fame for Cayenne peppers and commercial rocket launching
- costa rica
- country w/ no real NA imprint (over 90% consider themselves European—Spain)
- chile
- THINK COPPER (#1 producer in the world)
- uruguay
- Long history of peace and prosperity . . . but ruled by military dictatorship
- Virgin Islands
- Some belong to US, others to UK
- Spanish, Portuguese, French
- languages spoken south of the US
- Iturbide
- made peace with rebels and in 1821 proclaimed Mexico independent
- North
- part of chile w/ Atacama desert, no rivers, gets moisture from winter fog from ocean
- La Paz
- highest capital in the world, in bolivia
- Nicaragua, honduras
- countries hit hard by hurricane mitch
- Ortega
- 1980s, he was a communist, became president of nicaragua
- trinidad and tobago
- country w/ Largest natural asphalt lake in the world
- republic
- country where leaders are elected
- Tourism
- big industry in costa rica
- Diaz
- leader of Mexico, Helped economically, but ruled like a dictator
- Hidalgo
- Starts a 200 mile march to Mexico City (60,000 people)
- Pampas
- grassy plain, economic heartland of argentina
- guatemala
- country that contains the Largest pyramids in the Western hemisphere
- Devil's Island
- almost inaccessible island for prisoners in french guiana
- venezuela
- May become the western hemisphere's biggest oil and natural gas producer in 21st century
- Bahamas
- 700 islands fringed with coral reefs
- greater antilles, Bahamas, Lesser Antilles
- 3 parts of caribbean
- Bauxite
- used to make aluminum
- Pitch Lake
- largest natural asphalt lake in the world
- brazil
- Big ship-building country, Automobile and steel (largest in SA), Recently started a space program (4 years ago they had their first successful rocket launch)
- Bolivar
- Freed Venezuela in 1824, then marched south into Ecuador
- peninsulars, creoles, mestizos, mulattoes, zambo, indians
- Class Hierarchy in LA
- Zapata
- unofficial leader of 1910 revolt during Diaz's rule in Mexico
- Santo Domingo
- first permanent European settlement in the New World (Spanish)
- Joseph
- name of Napoleon's bro who was on Spanish throne
- belize
- country w/ 3rd largest offshore coral reef (tourism is big)
- mineral, farmland
- CA has no large ______ deposits and only small parts of ________
- el salvador
- country that has a lot of money from remittances (legal and illegal immigrants in US)
- Argentina
- One of the wealthiest SA countries (when it comes to GDP) but they have an uneven distribution (have very poor too)
- brazil
- In 2002 IMF loaned them $30 billion before da Silva
- San Martin
- man who Freed southern South America
- Bolivar
- NORTH, Wealthy Venezuelan Creole, well-educated
- coffee
- guatemala's Major export
- colombia
- Only country with coast on Caribbean and Pacific Oceans
- brazil
- country with the largest escarpment
- venezuela
- Socialist/mixed economy, Nationalized oil, taken large estates from wealthy people
- Panama
- Closest to US of all CA countries
- Bob Marley
- reggae, 3rd world's first superstar
- Peninsulars
- people born in Spain and Portugal; held most important government jobs and most important positions in catholic church
- 90
- % of Brazilians live along a coastal strip b/w the ocean and the escarpment
- Hispaniola
- First Successful Revolt in LA took place in _________ (place)
- Bolivar
- led soldiers to Colombia, fought in north, 1819
- chile
- Mother load of minerals-copper, silver, gold, sodium nitrate
- bahamas
- Low-lying islands (no high elevations)
- argentina
- Mostly European- no Indian or African imprints, 90% of the country is Roman Catholic
- Mulattoes
- European and African ancestry
- Arabica
- better kind of coffee in colombia
- Ecuador
- Speak Quechua (language of the Incas), has oil but is almost out
- mestizos, mulattoes, zambo
- Common people in LA (3 groups)
- haiti
- Ranks as one of the poorest countries in the world (poorest in western hemisphere)
- San Martin
- man who led his army to Peru, had a meeting w/ Bolivar
- Meridians of Longitude
- imaginary lines that run north and south that measure distances east and west of the prime meridian
- guatemala
- country with mayan ruins
- Ecuador, Chile
- two countries that don't share a border w/ Brazil
- Belize
- Used to be called British Honduras—English speaking
- nicaragua
- CA country involved in iran-contra affair
- Costa Rica
- country that became the first CA country to earn more from manufacturing than farming
- bolivia
- Western hemisphere's largest reserves tin, other large mineral reserves (silver esp.)
- chile
- Most industrialized of SA pacific coast countries
- brazil
- #1 in coffee, iron ore, bananas, largest catholic, largest Portuguese-speaking, largest foreign debt of any developing nation in the world (more than $260 billion)
- spanish, portuguese
- ½ of the people in SA speak ______ and ½ speak _____
- San Salvador
- city in El Salvador that since 16th century has been destroyed 10 times by earthquakes
- British Honduras
- old name for Belize
- Iturbide
- Made himself emperor of Mexico but was ousted and killed in 1824
- Self-Governing Commonwealth
- title of puerto rico (in relation to US)
- Mestizos
- mixed European and Indian ancestry
- Middle
- 9/10 of people live here, has a Mediterranean climate in chile
- Favela
- shanty-towns, brazil
- Haiti
- Gained independence from France in 1804
- Caudillos
- army officers who ruled like dictators
- Sandinistas
- Ortega was a member of the political group ________ (commie group) in Nicaragua
- Ayacucho
- Bolivar fought Spaniards in the Andes and defeated them at the Battle of _____
- Aconcagua
- w. hemisphere's highest mtn, in argentina
- haiti
- Became the world's first black republic
- 95
- colombia produces ___% of emeralds in the world
- dominican republic
- poor, but better off than haiti
- Puerto Rico
- one of the highest GDP per capita b/c of US
- uruguay
- country w/ Fertile soil for farming and ranching (raise a lot of cattle)
- Mexico
- movement starts in the country, and it involves the common people (unlike the other LA independence movements) in _______
- peninsulars, creoles
- Aristocracy in LA (2 groups)
- uruguay
- 90% of the people trace ancestry to Europe
- bolivia
- Has the strongest Indian imprint of all SA
- volcanoes
- Create fertile land along with destruction in CA
- Father Miguel Hidalgo
- priest who called on Indian peasants of his parish to rebel against their Spanish masters in Mexico
- cuba, puerto rico
- Spanish colonies until 1898 (two countries)
- venezuela
- one of ten top producers in the world, member of OPEC
- El Dorado
- legendary golden city in colombia
- Machu Picchu
- in the Andes, abandoned Incan city (no one knows why)
- Altiplano
- high plateaus
- bolivia
- In the 170ish years of existence, they have had 195 coups, but recently been fairly stable
- Noriega
- president of panama who was interviewed by barbara walters
- Falkland Islands
- peron declared war on them to increase argentinian nationalism
- costa rica
- Means "rich coast"
- Netherland Antilles
- Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao
- Contras
- rebel group in Nicaragua against commies
- Salvador
- cultural center of Brazil
- belize
- Fewest people of any country in CA