Art Fundamentals
Terms
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- Acanthus
- a type of lead used to adorn the capital of Greco-Roman columns
- Apse
- A recess in a building, usually a part of traditional Christian churches
- Arcade
- row of arches
- Arcuated
- architectural system that uses arches
- cantilever
- substantially long overhanging portion of a roof in modern architecture
- craquelure
- cracks in the finish of old oil paintings
- When aperture decreases, depth of field _____
- increases
- When aperture increases, depth of field _____
- decreases
- depth of field
- area under sharp focus
- entasis
- bulging of column at center to create the illusion of straightness
- frieze
- in architecture, the area between architrave and cornice; in sculpture, a decorative band
- nave
- part of church between main entrance and the choir, usually lined with colonnade/arcade
- serigraphy
- screen printing
- trabeated
- architectureal system based on post and lintel construction
- tessera
- piece of glass/stone/pottery used in a mosaic
- voussoir
- stones used to make an arch
- provenance
- origin or source
- entablature
- upper portion of the structure supported by columns
- architrave
- rectangular part of entablature directly about the columns
- pediment
- triangular-shaped area about architrave
- cornice
- area that frames the pediment
- caryatids
- columns made in shape of women
- Tuscan style
- Doric with no fluting
- post and lintel
- two or more posts with beam or lintel between them; usually has thick walls
- additive techniques in sculture
- modeling and casting
- modeling
- manipulating material into 3-D shape
- Joseph Cornell
- assemblages
- tectonic/atectonic
- solid mass/utilized surrounding space
- Alexander Calder
- kinetic mobiles
- greenware
- dried clay; not malleable; not fired in kiln
- earthenware
- fired at 1100-1150 celsius; porous with brownish color
- stoneware
- fired at 1200-1300 celsius; nonporous with grayish color
- porcelain
- fired at 1350-1500 celsius; made with deposits of granite; clear; makes ringing sound when struck
- 2 ways to decorate pots
- slip/glaze
- slip
- watery clay; comes in less colors than glazes
- glaze
- sealer; fires to become shiny and nonporous; comes in more colors than slips; can be applied in many layers; must be fired again after applied
- polychrome
- in ceramics and sculpture, using several colors at once to decorate
- complementary of orange
- blue
- complementary of red
- green
- complementary of yellow
- violet
- How many heads is the human body?
- 7.5
- etching
- acid intaglio; covering metal plate with acid-proof hard ground, sketching a design into ground, allowing acid to eat design
- soft ground
- acid intaglio; soft material such as petroluem jelly covering plate; allows special effects
- aquatint
- acid intaglio; partially applying hard ground
- embossing
- acid intaglio; printing very deep areas of plate without ink; nice raised texture
- drypoint
- non-acid intaglio; scratching into plte with sharp needle
- engraving
- non-acid intaglio; incising sharp lines through metal with burin
- burnisher
- forces ink on paper in intaglio
- burin
- scratchs lines in engraving
- burr
- raised metal left after engraving
- percale
- fabric used for sheets; made from plain weave
- plain weave
- makes percale
- twill weave
- makes denim and gabardine
- satin weave
- makes satin and damask
- latch-hooking
- makes rugs by tying yarn to backing
- parts of camera
- box, opening/aperture, lens, shutter, and film
- Richard Leach Maddox
- invented gelatin emulsion plates in 1871
- George Eastman
- invented Kodak camera