history1301.3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Indulgences
- in the roman catholic church people would by indulgences as a form of penance, this would cause them to sacrifice financially, plus it would benefit the church. people could buy them ahead of time like a get out of jail free card.
- justification by faith
- a doctrine that distinguishes most Protestant denominations from Catholicism, Eastern Christianity, and most Restorationists in Christianity. Historically, the concept of justification by faith was the basis for Martin Luther's challenging of the Roman Catholic practice of indulgences for penance, and for that reason it is called the material cause of the Protestant Reformation, while the doctrine of sola scriptura is considered the formal cause.
- Martin Luther
- was a monk in the augustinian order in germany. Was a party animal as a young man b/c he was not perfectly convinced that he was going to go to heaven. He brought upon protestantism meaning that: you were saved by faith, the bible is the sole authority, and you don’t need priest to mediate between them and god. He also believed alcohol cured all evils.
- Jean Calvin
- was a french protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation, and was a central developer of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism. He did not like catholics and indulgences that they sold, believed in predestination, and thought that you should discipline yourself if you sin. He wanted to abolish the priesthood.
- English Reformation
- Church of England was formed when Henry VIII left the Catholic church so that he could get his marriage annulled. It was purely political. He wanted an annulment b/c he needed a son. After leaving the church and remarrying he still did not have a male heir and felt that he was being punished for leaving the Church.
- antichrist
- The protestant reformers believed that the Pope was the anti-christ and that the Catholics were being led astray.
- Separatists (Pilgrims)
- English Christians in the 16th and 17th centuries who wished to separate from the Church of England and form independent local churches were influential politically under Oliver Cromwell, who was himself a Separatist. They were eventually called Congregationalists. The Pilgrims who established the first successful colony in New England were separatists. Puritans
- City on a Hill
- the idea of The Massachusetts Bay Company charter was under local control. Church membership: only the elect (“visible saintsâ€). They could baptize their children. They could get communion. To become a member you would have to have a born again experience which was a wrenching conversion experience. Faith and power: voting restrictions to create a godly commonwealth. Only adult male church members were allowed to vote. Enforcing orthodoxy and persecuting outsiders: Baptists, Quakers, others. They basically persecuted people that didn’t follow their belief. They also used settlement patterns and social control.
- Anne Hutchinson
- a pious devout christian women who came from a line of puritan preachers. She came to new england b/c she was a fan of John Cotton (Preacher) in early 1830s. She started meeting with women in her home to talk about the sermons. About how they could apply them to their lives. Over time she started to become critical of the other preachers. Teaching this to the other women started affecting the colony. The saying “everbody but cotton preaches covenant worksâ€. She was put on trial for heresy. She was found guilty and exiled, and was eventually killed by indians.
- Quakers
- a member of the Religious Society of Friends, founded in England in 1650 and devoted to peaceful principles. Central to the Quakers' belief is the doctrine of the “Inner Light,†or sense of Christ's direct working in the soul. This has led them to reject both formal ministry and all set forms of worship.
- Dominion of New England
- the creation of the Dominion (1686-1689) as a measure to enforce the Navigation Acts and to coordinate the mutual defense of colonies against the French and hostile Native Americans. When James II was overthrown the Dominion immediately collapsed. Was part of the Glorious Revolution.
- Glorious Revolution
- was when James II setup the Dominion of New England and stripped Massachusetts Bay Company of their Charter. The Dominion of New England was a one big royal colony under jurisdiction of the Crown. James was overthrown and the Dominion collapsed immediately. The Charter was restored, but with new terms. The Act of toleration (1689) was put in place to allow protestants to follow their faith. Also, voting could not restricted to church members.
- Act of Toleration
- put in place in 1689 to allow protestants to follow their faith. Also, voting could not restricted to church members
- spectral evidence
- a form of evidence, accepted in court during the Salem Witch Trials, that was based upon dreams and visions