Ap World History Europe
Terms
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- Absolutism
- Definition: power vested in one sole ruler can manipulate public using threats and punishment
- Louis XIII
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Prime minister: Cardinal Richelieu
Foundation of absolutism - Richelieu
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Wanted land from the Hapsburgs and promote an absolute monarchy
Crushed nobility: feudalism diminished outlawed walled cities
Centralization (tax)
Harsh punishment
Suspected Huguenots but did not get rid of Edict of Nantes
Supported Protestants in 30 years war against the Huguenots & Spain
French Academy, religion , philsophy and literature - Intendant System
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Richelieu diminished the noble power by place intendants in charge of districts
They regulated the economy and the judicial grinds
Order and regulated gov’t - Louis XIV
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“Sun King†peak of absolutism, culture and power
Divine right to rule for the good of the people - Palace of Versailles
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Lavish court where nobles had to stay
Put their minds away from politics
Diminished the treasury
Culture flourished
Baroque style of architecture and French art - Wars in France
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Constant warfare of expansion
Promoted new practices
Standard weapons , uniforms
Feed troops
System of recruit and training
Depleted treasury - Legacy
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Routines in court to enforce power
Never called Parliament
Repeal of Edict of Nantes
Versailles
Building programs
Culture
Army
High taxes on peasants
Diminshed economy - Colbert and Mercantilism
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Self-sufficiet
Factories erupted making glass, silk, weaving, food inspection and regulation
Guilds
Marine system
Commercial classes prospered - Mazarin
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Increase in taxes
Rebellion by the nobility : Fronde
Parliament wanted limit king’s power
Led the Sun King to gain power
Key success in gaining power for France - Spain- Philip II
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Bourbon king
Spanish inquisition and relgious persecution led to centralization
Revolt of the Spanish Netherlands
They did not like a catholic gov’t
Had England’s support
Spanish Armada went to defeat them but ended up losing - Peter the great West serfs
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Peter the Great – Czar
Westernized russia after the Mongols
Sea trade
Against Ottomans
Expansion and warfare
Army, schools,
Culture and education
St. Petersburg
Serfdom solidified
Poll tax
Social and economical reform (nobles) - Prussian army
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Army was always at peace
The best were in the army
Junkers a rebel group came to head the army
Militaristic authoritarian unified state
Frederick II was the grand elector - Role in Trade Netherlands
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Role in trade: controlled vast region
DEIC and DWIC
Const. democracy - England const. monarchy
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Constitutional monarchy- established after the Glorious Revolution
Charles I ruled w/o Parliament
Long Parliament limited power -
English civil war causes
players -
Parliment vs. King
Charles I was the king
wanted to arrest members of Parliment
Parliment had own army
Irist revolt
clergy, nobles, king vs. merchants, puritans, people - English civil war consequences
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commonwealth- group working for the common good
cromwell then dismissed commonwelath
military dictatorship
led to the Glorious Revolution - Glorious Revolution causes
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James II was a catholic
they did not want another catholic on the throne , but threated Parliment
Parliment invited William and Mary to rule and set up a const. monarchy - Glorious Revolution consequences
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English Bill of Rights
Parlement as supreme
const. monarchy - European Wars causes 1500-1789
- Dynastic rivalry , expansion, relgious reasons, political ( war of spanish inquistion, revolutions)
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Balance of Power Politics
War of Spanish Sucession -
The French had Philip II a Bourbon as heir to the throne.
The Grand Alliance against Spain and France fought against England/Holland/Austria Hapsburgs - Treaty of Utrect
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France and Spain can never be united
Philip V did become king
France lost territory to England
England gained access to slave trade
declined Spain's power and ended French expansion -
Economics and Trade
reasons for growth -
Global Trade Network
mercantilism
colonies - Dominant trading rivals
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Dutch vs. Spain
English vs. French -
Scientific Revolution
causes -
Renaissance discovery and exploration
new discoveries contradict the bible
medical science tradition
progress in tech, policies, and humanity -
Scientific Revolution
impact -
the Enlightenment
advancement in knowledge of surroundings - scientific method
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proc. for gathering info and testing ideas
based on reason - Deism
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belief that God created life but stepped back away from it
believed in God not the church - Galileo
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agreed w/ Coperncius
astronomy
clash w/ Church - Coperncius
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heliocentric theory
Copercian model - Consequences of Scientific revolutions
- enlightenment and reforms
- Enlightenment beliefs
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reason
humanism
humanists came to realize they could be better than the past - John Locke natural rights
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life, liberty, property
can overthrow gov't - John Locke social contract
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people had contract w/ gov't
can overthrow gov't -
Enlightened despots
Catherine the Great of Russia -
importing architects, muscians, intellectuals
restricted cruel punishment of serfdom free education, and also sought the advice of nobles and peasants in the running of government -
Enlightened despot
Frederick II of Prussia -
use of new crops
new planting methods and technology (crop rotation)
inc. relgious tolerance
laws simplified
intorlent of jews -
Enlighted despot
Joseph II of Austria -
abolished serfdom and allowed them to own land
taxed equally
religious freedom -
Liberalism
definition - philosophy or movement that has as its aim the development of individual freedom
- liberalism values
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change existing order
Classical liberalism drew upon the ideals of the Enlightenment and the doctrines of liberty supported in the American and French revolutions.
natural laws should govern society - French Revolution Causes Economic
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Poor harvests
no money in treasury
unemployment
"taxes" - French Revo. causes social
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3 estates and their hostility
first 2 estates struggle not to lose their power
tax burden on the 3rd estate - French Revo. causes political
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3rd estate did not have any power in gov't
Estate General - 3 estates
2 estate agreement to pass laws
weak out of touch monarchy
complex state
unequal distribution of right and power - French Revo. causes American Revolution
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French aid. Americans: "our rights are being violated"
Declaration
protest against tyraniccal gov't - French Revo. causes Enlightenment
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Locke, Voltaire, Rosseu
social contract- right to overthrow gov't
natural rights of every man cannot be taken away
English, Dutch and American -
Storming of the Bastille
(symbollic) -
getting rid of the monarchy
monarchy had prisoners and arbitary punishment
Paris mob attack Bastille (beginning of the French Revolution) - National Assembly
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created by the 3rd estate
the Tennis Court Oath - write constitution
king accepted - constitutional monarchy
women had more rights
enacted reforms-
clergy and nobles paid taxes - Reign of Terror
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countless executed for tyranny and mnay prisoned ; enemies of the state
after discovered treason of Louis the king
committe of public safety - Robespierre (Republic stage)
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committe of public safety
made sure foreign invasion and domestic protestors squashed - Directory
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oligarchy of 5 members later Napolean takes over
ended the revolution
sought French expansion, lessened the amount of unemployed
began to rule dictorially until Napolean overthrows directory - Consequences of French Revo.
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ended fuedalism
priveliges of the 1/2 estates
declaration of rights of man limited monarchy stays
challenged the idea of divine right to rule
demo. gov't and social equality - Napolean: Domestic Accomplishments
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peasant gains confirmed
amnesty to nobles
national educations
religious tolerance
ended free press, speech and elections
civil code 1804= equality middle class
abolished birth privileges
govt officials = merit
gave men control over wives -
Relationship w/ Britain
Napolean ` - strained wanted to capture English to rule europe and trade
- Continental system
- economic war w/ "nation of shopkeepers"
- Battle of Trafalgar
- fight w/ the British navy lost to them The decisive English victory ended Napoleon I's power on the sea and made a French invasion of England impossible
- Invasion of Russia
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Russians used field burning to end French invasion
French went to Moscow deserted tired
scorched earth
bad winter
many died - Battle of Waterloo
- Napolean 2nd attempt after escaping but lost British and Prussians defeated the French under Napoleon Bonaparte
- Earth Coalition
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Russia, Prussia, Austria, GB
defead French army and take Paris
Napolean abdicated - Effect on Other countries after French revo.
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France becomes const. monaryc again
Napolean empire ended
Napleonic codes in France
intro. of French Revo. ideas to rest of Europe
sold Louisiana Territory to US
weakened Spain so much -
Legislative Assembly
(Frenchy) -
deals w/ foreign invasion and conservative monarchies
suspended constitution - National Convention in France
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abolished monarchy
codified laws
execution of King
export revo. ideals
created comm. of pub. safety
and directory