Church History 1 midterm
Terms
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- Why Study Church History?
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I.Christianity is a Historical Faith
II.To Correct, Amend, or Confirm Current Interpretations of Historical Issues
III.Understand and Evaluate Alternative Theologies, Methodologies, and Ideologies so as to Purify Our Own
IV.Personal Values - Christianity is a Historical Faith
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Old Testament Judaism
Nature of Christian Doctrine
Methodology of Biblical Writers - To Correct, Amend, or Confirm Current Interpretations of Historical Issues
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Papal Authority
Denominational Origins - Understand and Evaluate Alternative Theologies, Methodologies, and Ideologies so as to Purify Our Own
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The Person of Christ
How is a Man Made Right with God?
What is the Church? - Personal Values
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Individual Growth
Love for Our Brother
Necessary Orientation to Other Disciplines
Helps Fulfill the Ninth Commandment
Teaching Aid
Illustrative Material - PRESUPPOSITIONS ABOUT THE CHARACTER OF HISTORY
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Metaphysical
Ethical
Redemptive - Metaphysical
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entire historical process is meaningful
decisive canonocal event in history is God in Jesus
goal of creation is God's glory
final judgement of historical process in God's hands - Ethical
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can know absolute moral law/ethical ideal
truth related to personality
human nature is constant
fallen human nature is sinful
all human actions are sinful - Redemptive
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no rational being is insignificant
Christian redemption eliminates self-centered provincialism - First Century World Influences
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Greek
Roman
Jewish - Greek
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Philosophy
Speculative Cosmology
Relation of mind to reality
Language
Spirit
Other influences - 3 relation of mind to reality
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Socrates
Plato (up, contemplation)
Aristotle (down, observation) - 3 other influences
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Stoicism
Cynicism (doglife, naturalism)
Epicurianism (pleasure, no fear or pain) - Christian Attitude Toward Roman Culture (+&-)
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+Jesus rendered to Caeser
+Paul was citizen and referenced bravery and military
-in Rev. it is Babylon
-Roman courts against - Advantages of Roman Culture
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Pax Romana (Roman peace in land)
Roads
Political structure
Language (Latin)
Roman army as force for spreading gospel - Disadvantages of Roman Culture
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syncretistic paganism
culture hostile to holiness
growing antagonism - types of syncretistic paganism
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multiplicity
subordinate, complementary, functional dieties
private cults - Roman Culture hostile to holiness
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taxes for prostitution
theatre was crude and sick
games of gladiators - Jewish influence (2 things)
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continuity with Christian community
separation from Christian - Jewish Continuity
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Scripture (inspiration of OT and necessity of canon)
Monotheism
Messianic Expectations
Style of worship - Jewish Separation
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NT-they reject Christ and apostles
Persecution from the Jews
Destruction of Temple in 70
"Bar-Cochba" (132-135) false Messiah
Christians viewing themselves as covenant people - Jewish parties
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Scribes and Lawyers
Pharisees
Sadducees
Samaritans
Herodians
Zealots - Four Distinct Periods of First Century
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Jesus Christ - Gospels
Jerusalem Period - Petrine (Acts 1-12)
Missionary Expansion - Pauline
Westward Growth - External Opposition to Christianity
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popular antagonism
intellectual assults
physical persecution - Popular Antagonism
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religioulsly (atheism, immorality, cannibalism, magic/sorcery)
economically - Intellectual Assaults
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Christian writings
Apologetic Literature - Christian writings as result
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edificatory
polemical
apologetics
systematic exposition - types of apologetic literature
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philosophical
psychological
epistemological
historical
Bibliological - Two opponents of Christian writing
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Celsus- argued for rational demonstration
Porphyry- neo-Platonist, considered Christianity too new - problematic doctrines of the day
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creation and providence
rationality of incarnation
resurrection
novelty - name some apologists of the day
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Justin Martyr
Tatian
Quadratus
Aristides - Arguments of Apologists
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just treatment
explain charges
describe Christian practices
explain Christian beliefs
Unveil paganism - results of intellectual assaults
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Christianity defensible (coherence, cogency, comprehensiveness, clarity)
solidifying recognition of a canon of Scripture - Reasons for physical persecution
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"religio illicita"
universality
hated by influential class
seditious and rebellious
natural calamities - some early persecutors
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Jewish
Nero
Damitian (81-96)
Trajan (98-117)
Antoninus (138-161)
Marcus Aurelius (161-180) - some empire wide persecutions
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Decian (249-251)-crime of being Christian
Valerian (253-259)-viscious and bloody
Diocletian (284-305)-most severe - results of persecutions
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varied church response
controversy over lapsed
religious abnormalities
prestige of bishop heightened
great examples of heroic faith - varied response of church members
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Martyrs-died
Confessors-physical
Traditors-handed scripture
Libellitici-false papers
Lapsi-denied - controversy over policy towards lapsed
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montanists
novationists
donatists - who was Justin Martyr
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born 100-110 of heathen parents
studied philosophy under several teachers
converted 130 from strong Christian witness
established school in Rome
beheaded under Junius Rusticus - aspects of Justin's thoughts
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centrality of kerygma
moral superiority of Christianity
clarity of truth superior in Christianity
theological ideas central to his thought - Justin's theological ideas
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Scripture
Christ
God
Spirit
Man
Sin
the demonic
Salvation
Punishment
Resurrection - Genres of Edificatory writings
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two ways genre
pastoral genre
persecution literature - two ways genre
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(life and death, light and darkness)
Didache, Barnabas, Shepherd by Hermas - pastoral genre
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Clement
2 Clement
Letters of Ignatius
Polycarp - persecution literature
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Martyrdom of Polycarp
Hermes
Letter from Lyons - characteristics of Edificatory writings
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(encourage Christian growth and fortitude)
internal unity
conversant with Scripture
individual responsibility
Church order
Warnings against pagan religions
Christian morality contra immorality of culture
sharing in sufferings of Christ - Theology of Edificatory writings
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Doctrine of God
Christ (preexistence-incarnation,Death,Resurrection)
Scripture
Eternal destinies
Soteriology (no non-Lordship salvation)
Ecclesiology
Ethics