Unit 8 APEH (ch25): Nationalism, Imperialism, War, and Revolution
Terms
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- emperor of russia. advocated moderate reforms for russia. emancipated the serfs. was assasinated.
- alexander II
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1867
refers to the compromise of 1867 which created the dual monarchy of austria and hungary. - ausgleich
- refers to the prussian tactics brought about by otto von bismarck. his unification of germany was through a policy of blood and iron
- blood and iron
- endorsed the economic doctrines of the middle class. worked for a secret alliance with napoleon III against austria. worked to unite italy.
- count camillo cavour
- a secret society. designated to overthrow bonapartist rulers. they were liberal patriots
- carbonari
- a message from william I of prussia to napoleon III which brought france into the Franco Prussian war
- EMS dispatch
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1870-71
war between france and prussia. seen as german victory. seen as struggle of darwinism. led to prussia being most powerful european nation. instigated by bismarck. france seen as the agressor - franco-prussian war
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1807-82
personified the romantic revolutionary nationalism. attempted to unify the germany - frankfurt assembly
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1807-82
an italian radical who emerged as a powerful independent force in italian politics. planned to liberate the 2 kingdoms of sicily - guiseppe mazzini
- pride in one's nation, group, or traditions. a desire for independence
- nationalism
- original napoleon's nephew. consolidated conservative govt and the ideals of nationalism
- napoleon III
- a movement to promote the independence of the slav people. roughly started with the congress in prague. supported by russia. led to the russo turkish war of 1877
- panslavism
- persecution of minorities, esp the jews in russia.
- pogroms
- political thory, advocated by bismarck, that national success justifies any means possible. very machiavellian.
- realpolitik
- volunteers in garibaldi's army
- red shirts
- popularly elected parliament in germany. very little power
- reichstag
- policy imposing russian customs and traditions on other people
- russification
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1864
pope pius IX denounced rationalism, socialism, and seperation of church and state - syllabus of errors
- the end of the franco prussian war. alsace and lorraine given to germany
- treaty of frankfurt
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1815-98
prussian chancellor who engineered the unification of germany under his rule - otto von bismarck
- local assemblies in russia
- zemstvos
- economic custom union of german states. founded in 1818 by prussia. eliminated internal tariffs
- zollverein
- italian period of history from 1815 to 1850
- risorgimento
- great german party at the frankfurt assembly. "big germans"
- grossdeutsch
- little german party at teh frankfurt assembly. "little germans"
- kleindeutsch
- idea created by by j.g.herder to identify the national character of germany, but soon passed to other countries
- volksgeist
- massacre of peaceful protesters at winter's square in st. petersburg in 1905 that turned ordinary workers against the Tsar and produced a wave of general indignation
- Bloody sunday
- british conservative. extended vote to all middle class male workers. needed to broaden aristocratic voter bse
- benjamin disraeli
- liberal prime minister who favored home rule for ireland
- william gladstone
- a divisive case in which alfred dreyfus, a jewish captain in the french army was falsely accused and tried with treason. the catholic church sided with the anti-semites against dreyfus. because of this the french gov't severed all ties between church and
- dreyfus affair
- 1862 act in america that gave western land to settlers, reinforcing free labour in a market economy
- homestead act
- russian parliament opened in 1906, elected indirectly by universal male suffarag, but with absolute veto power from teh tsar
- duma
-
struggle for civilization.
bismarcks attack on teh catholic church resulting from pius IX's declaration of palpable infallibility in 1870 - kulturkampf
- the result of a general strike in oct. 1905. granted full civil rights adn promised a popularly elected duma with real legislative power.
- october manifesto
- proposed after liberal party came to power in england in 1906 adn vetoed the lords. designed to increase spending on social welfare issues.
- peoples budget
- guerrilla army of guiseppe girabaldi who invaded sicily in 1906 in an attempt to liberate it and won the hearts of the sicilian peasantry
- red shirts
- popularly elected lower house of teh govt of teh new german empire after 1871
- reichstag
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2nd reform bill
1867
Conservatives and liberals trying to gain votes. Disraeli's conservatives extended the vote to almost 1 million more voters. - reform bill of 1867
- an effort by various socialists to update marxist doctrines to reflect the realities of teh time
- revisionism
- result of teh discontent of russian factory workers and peasants as well as emerging nationalist sentiments among empires minorities
- revolution of 1905