MUS 101 Test 2
Terms
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- How did the Ancient Greek influence the Middle Ages?
-
music was very important
involved in all studies
numerous writings on music
can change our personality/mood
- oral tradition
-
they had no need to keep pieces around
if preserved, it would be passedon - what were the 2 central powers during the middle ages?
- Catholic Church and the State
- Music for the Church
-
influenced by ancient Greek and Hebrew Music
no instruments
- monophonic church music known as
- chant
- Types of chant
- syllabic and melismatic
- syllabic
- 1 note per syllable
- melismatic
- many notes per syllable
- early notes were called
- neumes
- characteristics of plain chant
-
nonmetrical
passed on medieval modes
- Hildegard of Bingen
-
nun who was a poet and musician
prophetess
claimed to receive her music and poetry from the Holy Spirit
responsorial solo (alternating with choir)
- Polyphony
-
first used in 900 C.E
meter was imposed
notational system was modified to show rhythm
3 was important (Trinity) - polyphony (another name)
- organum
- when did composers begin to take credit for work?
- gothic era
- who educated the composers?
- the church
- Organum
-
at first added a second verse
2 voices could move in parallel or contrary motion - Notre Dame School
- very famous for polyphony
- Master Leonin
- first composer at Notre Dame....polyphony
- Perotin
- Leonin's student, added a 3rd voice and eventually a 4th
- Motet
-
upper voices textless
eventually unrelated text to upper voices (secular)
- Polytextualism
-
Latin (sacred) on bottom
French (secular) on top - bottom line of a motet
- tenor
- secular music
- music played outside of church was for entertainment
- those who played secular music and traveled
- minstrels
- High level minstrels
- troubadours
- topics of the secular music
- politics, war, laments, dance songs
- biggest topic of secular music
- courtly love
- Guillaume de Machaut
-
priest who worked in the courts of France
both religious and secular styles
wrote many moetets as well as french songs - another name for french songs
- chansons
- Instrumental Music
- very popular (outside of church)
- instrumental music was rarely written down...T or F?
- ture
- the renaissance literally means
-
rebirth
- Musicians during Reni were supported by
- church and state
- musicians during reni had more opportunities for
- employment
- major invention of the reni
- printing press
- printing press allowed
- amateur musicians to flourish
- a capella
-
"in the church style"
- text painting
- bringing out the text and reflecting it
- "Hell"
-
dissonance
- "Heaven"
- high leap
- Duple meter
-
2, or divisible by 2
became more common in Reni - During Reni, chant was known as
-
cantus firmus
acted as bass-line for harmony - adopted by the church in the Reni, but was originally secular
- motet
- cantus firmus was sung in what language
- latin
- Josquin des Prez
-
major composer from Reni
French, but most of time in Italy
combined traditional polyphonic textures with emotion
very expressive - "Pange Lingua Mass"
-
"Proclaim the Mystery" Trinity
Mass with 4 vocal lines
- sacred music
- polyphony, gradually enters mass and takes over
- Parts of the mass
- Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
- Reformation-must popular
-
Martin Luther
Lutheranism - what did the Council of Trent do for music?
- simplified hymns so congregation could be involved, changed language
- Giovanni Palestrina
-
organist and choir master at St. Peters
wrote in a simplified polyphonic style - Pope Marcellus Mass
-
very balanced and structured so text is clear
six vocal parts (rather than 4)
does not loose emotion or expression - Madrigal
-
aristocratic form of poetry and music in Early Baroque
centered around courtly love
Italian
text painting and vocal virtuosity - Features of Baroque
-
rhythm and meter
emphasis on bass line
functional harmony - doctrine of affections
- music had to make you feel something....emotion
- Baroque means
- misshapen pearl
- Florentine Camerata
-
group of scholars who met to discuss the status of art
greek models
single melody with simple accompaiment modody
- opera
- dramatic work set to music
- Dafne
- composed by Jacopo Peri in 1598
- recitative
- speech song
- arias
- melodic sections of opera
- Claudio Monteverdi
-
born in Italy
published 1st works at 16
composer for Gonzaga family of Mantera - Monteverdi's work L'Orfeo
-
based on ancient greek myth of Orpheus
first true opera as we know it**
- what did Monteverdi do that was unusal
- specified which instruments to use
- regal
-
buzzy sounding reed organ
- in early opera, recitative used during
- plot and dialogue
- in opera, aria used for
- emotion
- Henry Purcell
-
english composer
"Dido & Aeneas" opera in English
"Dido's Lament" - DaCapo Aria
- ABA (fancy, contrast, fancy)
- DeCapo Aria uses, but not
-
cello and harpiscord but no violins
only bass - Antionia Stradivan
-
violin maker
over 1100 instruments - Sonata
- 1 solo instrument with keyboard accompaiment
- sonata di camera
- chamber sonata (secular)
- sonata di chiesa
- church sonata
- Trio sonata
-
scored for 2 treble instruments with a "basso continuo"
- "basso continuo"
- cello, harpiscord all play exact same line
- "concerto"
-
shift to more singing
vocal competition - concert focued on
-
solo vs. orchestra
solo line became very show' offy - Arcangelo Corelli
-
first to focus on instrumental music
concerto grosso
- "Concerto Grosso"
-
vocal concert+trio sonata
trio sonata vs orchestra
solosit=concertino (violins)
- "ripieno"
-
full
- solo concerto
- son soloist-violin
- Guieppi Torelli
- first solo violin concerto
- movement tempi
- fast-slow-fast
- Vivaldi
-
major figure in instrumental music
"red priest" - Orphanages such as "Ospedale Della Pieta"
-
"hospital of pitied"
great music program! - Vivaldi worked where?
-
Ospedale della pieta
wrote hundreds of concerti
published through Amsterdam - solo concert format
- fast-slow-fast
- Cadenza
-
at the end of a movement when all stops and soloist gets a chance to show off
- "Four Seasons"
-
Vivaldi
took poems and wrote music to them - programmatic
- tells a story