Religion: Chapter Five
Terms
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- What is the reform movement called?
- Gregorian Reform
- Define “lay investiture�
- When lay people appoint priests, bishops, and the pope
- How long did the Gregorian reform last?
- 70 years
- “Excommunicationâ€
- When a person is told by a bishop or higher that you are not allowed to participate in the sacramental life as a punishment
- Who was involved in a disagreement in 1077?
- Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV
- “Penitentâ€
- Someone who asks for forgiveness and is willing to sacrifice something for it
- What did Henry do?
- Goes to Canossa, Italy as a penitent, stands in snow for three days wearing this horrible material and was withdrawn from his excommunication. Goes back, build up his army, and runs Gregory out of town.
- The Concordat of Worms—when? who? guaranteed?
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-A decision was made in 1122
-Pope Callistus II and Henry VI
-That the Church could choose its own leaders without any influence - The success of the Gregorian reform movement led to what?
- Increase in power and reputation
- People looked to the Church and to the pope for what?
- Moral and spiritual leadership
- “Canon lawâ€
- Body of laws of the Church
- After the Concordat of Worms was signed, what were almost all popes?
- lawyers
- Who was Innocent III?
- The Pope that had a good repuataion that was asked to help the “outside†a lot.
- “Theocracyâ€
- The power in the government is in the hands of the religious leaders
- “Transubstantiationâ€
- Changing the bread and wine to the Body and Blood of Christ
- “Hereticsâ€
- Person who teaches false teachings
- “Heresyâ€
- The teachings taught by the heretics
- “Inquisitionâ€
- The Official Catholic Church that was called to judge the heretics
- What were the punishments for being found guilty?
- Imprisonment, fines, torture, kills
- Why would people of the Catholic Church become involved in the torture of others?
- Have to stop it
- How does the Church feel about this part of the Church’s history?
- Not proud
- How did the Crusades change the lives of the people?
- Opened up trade again and a lot of people from the countryside is moving back to the major cities
- “Urban poorâ€
- city poor
- Why did the need for a new religious order called “friars†develop?
- No organizations to provide for the material and spiritual needs
- The word ‘friar’ comes from what Latin word?
- brother
- St. Francis of Assisi developed what order?
- Franciscans
- St. Clare of Assisi?
- Poor Clares
- St. Dominic?
- Order of Preachers (a.k.a. Dominicans)
- “Mendicantâ€
- “begging†orders
- Why did these orders have an impact on the religious life of the Late Middle Ages?
- Brought the Church closer to the people
- What was the importance of the development of stained glass windows?
- Illustrates important scenes and themes of the gospel message for those who could not read
- St. Thomas Aquinas
- A Domincan friar who was not afraid of knowledge. “Truth cannot contradict truth†and was perhaps the best known of all these medieval thinkers