Music2
Terms
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- Pope Gregory
- Gregorian Chant has it's name from him
- Gregorian Chant
-
non-metric, monophonic, free flowing
Also known as: plainsong & plainchant - Neumes
- signs, memory tools
- Syllabic
- Text setting with 1 note per syllable
- Neumatic
- Text setting with 2, 4, 6, notes per syllable
- Melismatic
- Text setting with many notes per syllable
- Proper
- Part of the mass - varies
- Ordinary
- Part of the mass - remains the same
- Mass
- The most sacred ritual in the Roman Catholic Church
- Organum
- Earliest polyphony of the late Middle Ages
- Motet
-
Polyphonic choral composition
Middle Ages - sacred & secular
Renaissance - sacred only - 5 sections of the mass
-
Kryie - ABA Form
Gloria
Credo
Sanctus
Agnus Dei - ABA Form - Requiem
- Mass for the dead; Funeral
- Jongleurs
- Wandering minstrels
- Troubadours
-
Higher musicians, finders & mentors, perform for aristocracy
South France - Trouveres
-
Higher musicians, finders & mentors, perform for aristocracy
North France
Females - Trouverettes - Psaltery, Vielle, Dulcimer
- String instruments
- Sackbut
-
Brass
Ancestor = trombone - Recorder
-
Woodwind, held vertically
Ancestor = flute - Lute
-
Plucked
Ancestor = guitar - Shawm
- Long, nasal, penetrating woodwind
- Nakers
-
Percussion (pitched & unpitched)
Ancestor = small drum - Tabor
-
Percussion (pitched & unpitched)
Larger drum then Naker
Ancestor = Bongo - Notre Dame School
-
Paris, preservation of knowledge.
Students = Leonin & Perotin - Leonin & Perotin
- Developers of Organum
- Machaut
- French composer, Middle Ages, love song, first chanson
- Ars Nova
- New Art
- Isorhythm
- Short, rhythmic patterns that repeat
- Cantus Firmus
- Fixed melody
- Strophic
- Melody repeats with each stance of poem
- Josquin Desprez
-
Burgundian composer, wrote hundreds of motets
Ave Maria - Monteverdi
- One of the greatest writers of Italian madrigals & early opera's
- Madrigal
- Emulates word painting, secular, polyphonic. Originated in Italy, with or without instruments, set to lyric love poem
- Chanson
- French, polyphonic love song
- Hildegard von Bingen
- Nun, composer, mystic, historian
- Palestrina
- Composer who met the Council of Trents demands. Music genre was "Mass", sacred, a cappella
- Council of Trent
- Reform group for the Roman Catholic Church
- Reformation
- Church reform movement
- Martin Luther
- Led revolt for Reformation of church
- Renaissance
-
Intellectual & scientific discovery era; Awakening, humanism
Learned from civil societies of the past - Humanism
- Idea, art, thought, rather then divine
- Word Painting
-
Words that mirror the music, expressive device (madrigals)
Ex: Lyrics = Johnny's running "up" the hill. Music/note = ascending - A cappella
- No accompaniment
- Continuous Imitation
- Soprano to alto; Wander line to line, voice to voice
- Salterello
- Italian jumping dance
- 2 Important Genre's from the Renaisannce Period
- Chanson & Madrigal
-
Josquin - Ave Maria
Listening -
Genre: Motet
Sacred
Texture: Polyphonic
Period: Renaisannce -
Farmer: Fair Phylis
Listening -
Genre: Madrigal
Secular
Texture: Polyphonic
Period: Renaissance -
Gregorian Chant aka Plainsong, Plain Chant
Listening -
Genre: Chant
Sacred
Texture: Monophonic
Period: Middle Ages -
Chanson
Listening -
Genre: Chanson
Secular
Texture: Polyphonic
Period: Middle Ages