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The Dawn of Civilization

Terms

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Characteristics of a religion
A set of beliefs about the origin and the nature of the universe, te existence of one god or many gods, and the meaning of life
A set of customs and practices that relate to the worship of one God or several gods, and a set of rules for proper conduct
An organization, such as a church, synagogue, mosque or other place of worship that oversees religious practices
Accomplishments of the Ancient Egyptians
Biology- Egyptians obtained knowledge of the human body through embalming. They performed surgery, such as bone setting bone fractures
Hieroglyohics
Building- Egyptiam architects and engineers built magnificent stone pryamids, palaces, temples, and statues
Gepmetry and Astronomy- they used geometric principles to build prymids and other structures by observing the stars, they developed a 365-day calendar
Culture/Civilization
Culture- A people's way of life-their foods, their clothing, their customs, and beliefs
Civilization- Advanced form of society, people live in cities, have complex institutions use some form of writing
Contributions of Early Civilization
Mesopotamia-sailboat, wheel, sundial, irrigation, earliest known legal system (Code of Hammurabi)
Ancient Egypt-mathematics, astronomy, medicine, sculpture, architecture
Phonenicians-first known alphabet
Ancienct China- silk making
Ancient Hebrews-monotheism, Bible, Ten Commandments
Acchievements of Classical Greece
Democract
Science and Math-Pythagoras, Euclid, and Archimedes
Art and Architecture-based on perfect proportion, columns
History and Literature- first to write history and drama
Philosophy- believed in individual and through the reason the could understand how the world worked
Reasons for the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Political Weakness- corrupt officials
Economic Problems-
River Valley Civilizations
Mesopatamia- along the Tigris and Euphrates
Egypt-along the Nile
Indus Valley Civilization-along the Indus
First Chinese Civilization- along the Huang He
Hieroglyphics/Cunieform
Heiroglyphics-Egyptian picture-writing cut in stone or written on papyrus
Cuneiform-Symbol-writing on wet clay developed by Sumerians and others in Mesopatamia
Others- The Chinese Developed pictorial character writing, the Phoenicians developed the first known alphabet
Classical Civilizations
Persian Empire- First to unite many civilizations, estabkishing a pattern for future empires
Greeks- applied reason to inquire about nature and the human condition
Romans-spread Greek culture
China-emergence of great philoshopers
India- witnessed a flowering of Hindu and Buddhist cultures which spread throughout much of South and Southeast Asia
Judaism
religion of the Jewish people. Began with the ancient Hebrews in lands now known as Israel. Moses led the Jews out of Egyptian slavery, gave them the first part of the bible with the Ten Commandments
Significance-Ancient Hebrews developed
monotheism- belief in one God rather than several gods
Neolithic Revolution
When-People in Middle East changed from nomadic hunting and gathering food, and learned to grow crops and domesticate animals
Significance-resulted in building permanent homes and villages where different social classes emerged, such as warriors and priests

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