World History - Unit 2
Terms
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- Epics
- long narrative poems celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes
- myths
- traditional stories about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world of the customs and beliefs of a society
- polis
- a Greek city-state
- Monarchy
- a government in which power is in the hands of a single person
- Aristocracy
- a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility
- Oligarchy
- a government in which power is in the hands of a few people
- Socrates
- one of the strongest critics of the Sophists
- Democracy
- a government controlled by its citizens
- Euclid
- a highly regarded mathematician who opened a school of geometry in Alexandria
- Tyrant
- in ancient Greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing to the poor for support
- Peoloponnesian War
- a war lasting from 431 to 404 b.c. in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies
- Alexander the Great
- Hpilip's son who proclaimed himeself king and had 13 years of accomplishments
- Republic
- a form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by the people
- Consul
- in the Roman republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government
- Senate
- in ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats
- Dictator
- in ancient Rome, a political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time
- Absolute ruler
- a ruler who has total power
- Apostle
- one of the followers of Jesus who preached and spread his teachings
- Bishop
- a high-ranking Christian official who supervises a number of local churches
- Pope
- the bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church
- Inflation
- a decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services
- Religious toleration
- a recognition of people's right to hold differing religious beliefs
- Centralized government
- a government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments subject
- Civil service
- the administrative departments of a government
- Monopoly
- a group's exclusive control over the production and distribution of certain goods
- Assimilation
- the adoption of a conqueror's culture by a conquered people
- Savanna
- a flat, grassy plain
- Desertification
- a transformation of fertile land into desert
- Hannibal
- 29-year old Carthaginian general who was a brilliant military strategist who wanted to avenge Carthage's earlier defeat
- Augustus
- originally known as Octavian, also known as the "imperator" or "supreme military commander"
- Jesus
- born in Bethlehem
- Peter
- the first apostle who spread teachings of Jesus throughout Palestine and Syria
- Paul
- had enormous influence on Christinaity's development
- Constantine
- Roman emperor who fought three rivals for his title
- Contantinople
- city of Constantine
- Liu Bang
- village offical who became general after Shi Huangdi died