Exploration
Terms
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- Fur
- what the Dutch and French fought over and profited from
- Reasons for finding a direct route to the East
- Faster, Cheaper, less dangerous
- Henry Hudson
- Sailed for the Dutch and discovered the Hudson river; sought out Northwest Passage
- Impact of the Columbian Exchange
- beliefs were changed because of the spread of Christianity; new foods became a part of old diets, tools improved hunting and farming
- Dangers Faced by Slaves on a Plantation
- burns from the boiling operation; cruel mistreatment while on the fields; cut fingers and arms while working at the grinding mills
- Role Portugal had in the Age of Exploration
- Portugal was the center of overseas travel and was where the schools for navigation were
- Prince Henry the Navigator
- Prince of Portugal who set up a school of navigation in Portugal, and encouraged the expansion of navigation. He set up a team of navigators and designed a new ship (Caravel)
- Reason for Search of Northwest Passage
- French, Dutch, and English believed the Magellan's route was too long and difficult and they believed that there was an easier way to get to Asia through North America
- King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
- Monarchs of Spain who funded Columbus' journey to the Americas; tried to outlaw Tainos slavery in 1502, but never enforced the laws
- Catholic Countries
- France and Spain
- Spain's Goals
- Gold, Glory, Gold; conquer and control colonies
- Foods brought back from Americas
- cacao (chocolate), squash, avacado
- John Cabot
- Sailed for England; discovered Newfoundland; in search of Northwest Passage and believed he had found it and landed in Asia
- Crusades
- developed Europeans love for sugar and spice by bringing back spices from their travels
- Age of Imperialism
- race for empire building that led to European dominance in the New World
- Protestant Countries
- England and the Netherlands
- Foods brought to the Americas
- sugar, coffee, tea, rice
- Importance of Spices
- Used for trade, profit, and to better flavor food
- Bartolome de las Casas
- A Spaniard who fought for Native Americans' rights and freedom; while an being an upstander, also thought of the idea of African Slavery
- Small Pox
- deadly disease spread by Europeans
- Protestant Reformation
- Movement in 1517 that tried to reform the Catholic Church; Martin Luther created the Protestant religion so Europe was split into two religions
- Turn to Africa for Labor
- Europeans had lost their Native American workers (diseases, harsh work conditions, ran away), yet still needed workers, and Africans could be paid cheap because they were believed to be of a lesser people since they were colored and not Christians. Additionally, Africans were used to the hard work conditions and were less vulnerable to diseases
- Renaissance
- time of rebirth after the Middle Ages in 1300s-1600s where there were discoveries in medicine and science, an expansion of the arts, and books were more accessable
- Plantation
- a farm that focuses on a single crop
- Ferdinand Magellan
- Sailed for the Spanish and was the first to cross the Pacific Ocean; first to circumnavigate the world
- Syphilis
- deadly disease spread by Native Americans
- Peter Minuit
- Sailed for the Dutch and conquered Manhattan Island from local Indians; created New Amsterdam settlement
- Vasco Nunez de Balboa
- First to reach the Pacific Ocean; sailed for Spain and claimed the Pacific Ocean for Spain
- Hernando Cortes
- A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs; sought out gold in Mexico
- Impact of Fur Rivalry on Native Americans
- Native American tribes formed alliances with European nations and were dragged into their competitions for profit and religion; forced to fight against each other
- Giovanni da Verazzano
- Sailed for the French in search of a Northwest Passage; instead found North Carolina; sailed from Carolinas to Canada
- Reason for cheap labor
- Europeans required workers to harvest their crops; many fields of one single crop that matured at the same time and needed to be harvested very quickly at the same time
- Christopher Columbus
- Sailed for Spain in 1492 to the Americas and landed in the Bahamas; Established the colony of Hispaniola and mistreated the Tainos
- Francisco Pizarro
- A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas; sought out gold and power in South America
- Jacques Cartier
- Landed, discovered and sailed up the St. Lawrence River; sailed for the French; searching for Northwest Passage
- Tools of Trade
- Quadrant, Compass, Astrolabe
- Columbian Exchange
- the transfer of goods, ideas, culture, language between the New world and the Old World
- England, French, and Dutch Goals
- Profit from benefits of the New World
- 1100 (10th Century)
- Year Europeans first developed a love for sugar
- Race for Empire
- Competition between European nations for control of empires in the new world