Modern World History Midterm
My set of vocab words for my High School Modern World History Class.
Terms
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- Absolute monarch
- ruler with complete control over the government and the lives of the people.
- Catherine the Great
- Monarch in Russia during the 1700's She vastly increased the territory of the empire through conquest and three partitions of Poland.
- John Sebastian Bach
- Composer during the age of reason.
- Baroque
- ornate style of art popular in the 1600's and 1700's
- Voltaire
- Philosopher that defended the freedom of thought.
- Abdicate
- to give up a high office
- Napoleon
- Emperor of france from 1802 - 1815.
- Blockade
- blocking of ports to keep supplies in or out.
- Louis XVI
- - King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.
- Urbanization
- movement of people from rural areas to cities.
- John Stuart Mill
- argued that actions are right if they promote happyness
- Communism
- classless society in which all wealth is controlled by the people
- Robert Owen
- believed that conditions in which people lived shaped their character
- Autonomy
- self rule
- Louis Kossuth
- Activist against Hungarian government
- Simon Bolivar -
- liberated much of South America from Spanish rule in the 19th century and became one of Latin America's greatest heroes.
- Cartel
- association of large cooperations that would meet to fix prices
- Assembly line
- - the method of production that breaks down a complete task into a series of smaller tasks.
- Henry Bessemer
- developed a process of purifying iron to create steal and created the bessemer process.
- Balance of power
- - equal distrobution of military and economic power
- Miguel de Cervantes
- wrote first modern novel in Europe.
- Oliver Cromwell
- leader of the commonwealth army
- Enlightened despot
- absolute ruler who uses his power to bring about change
- Dennis Diderot
- wrote the first encyclopedia
- Oligarchy
- ruling power belongs to only a few people
- Adam Smith
- wrote wealth of nations, one of the greatest economists.
- Deficit Spending
- - government spends more money then it takes in
- Jacques Louis David
- artisan in the 1790's who helped immortalize events.
- Bourgeoisie
- the middle class
- Clemens von Metternich
- Austrian foreign minister
- Enclosure
- taking money small farms and making them into bigger ones in England during the 1700's
- John Wesley
- founded Methodist church
- Proletariat
- working class
- David Ricardo
- when wager were high people had more kids, but those more kids led to higher wages.
- El Grito de Dolores
- made a speech about freedom.
- Louis XVIII
- - King of France (1814-1824). His reign was interrupted by Napoleon (1815), but he returned to power after Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo in the same year.
- Miguel Hidalgo
- - Mexican priest and revolutionary. Although the revolt he initiated (1810) against Spanish rule failed, he is regarded as a national hero in Mexico's struggle for independence from Spain.
- Corporation
- a business that is publically traded
- John Dalton
- - He is most well known for his advocacy of the atomic theory and his research into color blindness sometimes called Daltonism in his honor.
- Divine right
- belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.
- James I
- - The son of Mary Queen of Scots, he succeeded the heirless Elizabeth I as the first Stuart king of England.
- Louis XIV
- - the longest reign in French history, was characterized by a magnificent court and the expansion of French influence in Europe.
- Natural Laws
- laws that govern human nature
- Thomas Paine
- Revolutionary leader who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (1776) arguing for American independence from Britain. In England he published The Rights of Man
- Laissez Faire
- business to operate with little to no government interference
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Swiss philosopher and writer who held that the individual is essentially good but usually corrupted by society. Wrote "The Social Contract".
- Socialism
- people as awhole own all property and operate business
- Karl Marx
- developed socialism and communism.
- Abraham Darby
- made it possible to manufacture thin castings that rivaled brass for pots and other hollowware.
- Impressionism
- type of painting that tried to capture visual impressions
- Charles Dickens
- wrote many famous novels during the 1800's
- Habeas corpus
- a person can't be held in prison without first being charged with a crime
- Maria Thersa
- Queen of Hungary and Bohemia (1740-1780) whose reign was marked by the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Years' War (1756-1763).
- Frederick the Great
- King of Prussia (1740-1786). Successful in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), he brought Prussia great military prestige in Europe.
- Natural rights
- rights that belong to all human beings from birth
- Physiocrat
- searched for natural laws to explain economics
- Robert Walpole
- English politician who as first lord of the treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer (1715-1717 and 1721-1742) led the Whig administration and is regarded as Britain's first prime minister.