CELL DIVISION 2
Terms
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- Define cell increase.
- Cell division increases the number of cells in the body.
- Define cell decrease.
- Cells reduced by apoptosis when necessary.
- define:interphase.
- during late interphase chromatin is condensing into chromosomes and centrosomes have duplicated in preparation fo mitosis.
- define:early prophase
- during early prophase duplicated chromosomes are visible. Centrosomes begin moving apart;nuclear envelope is fragmenting, and nucleolus will disappear.
- define:late prophase
- spindle is in process of forming and centromeres of chromosomes are attaching to centromeric spindle fibers
- define:Metaphase
- Chromosomes (each consisting of two sister chromatids) are at the metaphase plate(center of fully formed spindle).
- define:Anaphase
- Daughter chromosomes (each consisting of one chromatid) are moving toward the poles of the spindle.
- define:Telophase
- Daughter cells are forming as the nuclear envelopes and nucleoli appear. Chromosomes will become indistinct chromatin.
- define the cell cycle.
- repeating sequence of events in eukaryotic cells consisting of the phases of interphase, when growth and dna synthesis occurs, and the stages of mitosis when cell division occurs.
- Centromere?
- constricted region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are attached to one another and where the chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber.
- Chromatin?
- Threadlike network in the nucleus that is made up of DNA and proteins.
- Chromosome
- Rodlike structure in the nucleus seen during cell division; contains the genes.
- crossing over?
- Exchange of corresponding segments of genetic material between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during synapsis of meiosis.
- Cyclin?
- Protein that cycles in quantity as the cell cycle progresses;combines with and activates the kinases that function to promote the events of the cycle.
- cytokinesis?
- Division of the cytoplasm of a cell during telophase of mitosis or meiosis 1 and 2.
- diploid?
- 2n number of chromosomes, thice the number of chromosomes found in gametes.
- Gametes?
- Haploid reproductive cell. Two gametes, most often an egg or sperm, join in fertilation to form a zygote.
- Zygote?
- Diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes, the product of fertilization.
- homologous chromosome?
- Similarly constructed chromosomes with the same shape and that contain genes for the same traits, also called homologues.
- meiosis?
- Type of cell division that in animals occurs during the production of gametes and results in four daughter cells with the haploid number of chromosomes.
- Mitosis?
- Type of cell division in which the daughter cells receive the exact chromosome and genetic makeup of the parent cell;occurs during growth and repairl
- oogenesis?
- Production of an egg in females by the process of meiosis and maturation.
- Polar body?
- Non functioning daughter cell, formed during oogenesis, that has little cytoplasm.
- Somatic cell?
- In animals, a body cell, excluding those that undergo meiosis and become a sperm or egg.
- Spermatogenesis?
- Production of sperm in males by the process of meiosis and maturation.