Introduction to Christianity
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- Peace of Westphalia
- 1648...begining of modern era....formly ended 30yrs war(btwn cath & portestants)...gives religios freeddom to Catholics, Lutherns, abd Calvanists
- Enlightenment
- SIGNIF= stress importance of human REASON...leads to challenges of the courts authority
- Pressupositions to the Enlightenment(2)
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1-REASON..discover truth thru human reason
2-NATURAL LAW..universe opperated on natural law and its a closed system - Deism
- logical explanation for everything
- What Diesm believes?
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1-God is great than universe, and universe is made to opperate on natural law
2-Miracles CANNOT happen!
3-Jesus is fully human
4-Authority id found thru human reason
5-Denied Trinity - Puritanism...
- Once Eliz.I was on thorne some Protestants split aseu they wanted church of England 'pure'..they became known as Puritains
- Separistists...
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JOHN SMYTH
-suffered persecution w/KJ..went to holland..worked in facotry owned by menonite....Baptized himself then did other people
THOMAS HELWYS
-went back to enland to spread word - Evangelical movements
- personal experience of the <3 with Christ
- Pietism
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began in Germany, Lutheran
reaction against rational religions from enlightenment - 2 ideas in Pietism....
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1-Personal conversion
2-Practice of Piety - Phillip Jacob Spener
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founder of Pietism
wrote "Pious Wishes" - Count Nicolasvon Zizendorf
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MORAVIANS
-he came to new world
-directly out of pietism - John Wesley
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METHODISM
-came from England
-mother grat impact on life
-went to oxford , had club called "Holy Club"...nicknamed Methodists b/c methadical way of faith
-went to Amercian with bro..bad storm saw moravians calm and he was intrested
-went back to England and to moravian meeting
-this was his "Aldersgate Experience" where he felt his <3 warmed - Francis Asbury
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Methodism
--was sent by Wesley to Colonies
--it caught on fast
--thanks to Circut Rider System
--was a cirtuct rider - Circut Rider System
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-find lay person to serve as minister and once and a while the ordained misiter would come around and serve communion and such
-Asbury was a circut rider - First Great Awakening
- -reaction to reational relgion and decline or Puritism....takes place ion American....sereis os revivals
- 2 Leaders of First Great Awakening
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1 JOHNATHAN EDWARDS..."sinners in the hand of an anrgy god"
2 GEORGE WHITEFIELD...5 preaching tours ME->GA......major envanelist..had huge crowds sometime 30.000!!! buddies with ben franklin - CHARLES G. FINNEY
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*The Second Great Awakening-19th century
*believed you could make revial happen
*"New Measures"
widescale advertisment
pray for sinners by name
'anxious bench' - Camp Meetinngs
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outdoor gathering of lots of people
happened out on frontier
wagons gather around in circle
preaching all day on 4 lil stages largest and most famous= CANE RIDGE, KY (peaked 20,000 people) - William Carye
- Missionary
- Ann & Adonhiran Judson
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`Missionaries
`orignally with Carye on way to India `but conversted to baptist
`went to Burma
`missionary movement caugh on in America - JOSEPH SMITH
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MORMONS
`he found this in NY
`claimed to have visions of god by angles...translated golden tablets
`Church of Jesus Christ and LAter Day Saints
`accept that there was further Revelation BEYOND JC - Charles Taze Russell
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Jehovah's Witnesses
`entire political and everything is controlled by Satan
`trouble with pledge of allegence, xmas, easter
`aggresive, comitted - Alexander Campbell
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Church of Christ
`refered to Disciples or Campbellites
`wanted to restore NT christianity
`when he died it split into 1-The Christain Church and 2-Church of Christ
`no intrumental music
`baptism completes salvation - Mary Baker Eddy
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Christain Science
`thru the use of mindm you can heal your body, learn and stimulate your mind - Ellen G. White
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&th Day Adventists
`worship on Saturday
`more emphasis on OT - Liberalism
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*reinterpretation of Christianity
*FREDRICH SCHLEIRMACHER
*"feeling of absolute dependence on God"
*contoversial - Biblical Higher Criticism
- deeper study
- Julius Wellhausen
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Biblical Higher Crit.
~Penatteuch..who wrote them?
"Documentary Hypothesis"
say not 1 author but several
authors from many
generations..it evolved - B.H. STREETER
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Bibilical Higher Criticism
~Synooptic Gospels..matthew mark luke -
Fundamentalism
the fundametnal that cannot be touched.... -
1-virgin birth
2-verbal inspiration of scripture
3-bodily ressurection
4-visible 2nd coming
5-satisfaction theory of atonement - "Papal Infailibility"
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Vatican Council I
~doctrice that says when pope speaks in doctrinal matters, as the vicot of christ, he is no wrong - Walter Rauschenbush
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Social Gospel
~he preached in Hell's Kitchen, NY
~stated that the amercian economic system of capitalism produced upper and lower class which is unchristian
~wanted "Christian Socialism" - Karl Barth
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NEO-ORTHODOXY
~middle ground btwn Fundamentalism and Liberalism
~focuses on sin of humanity
~barth was swiss theologin..wrote a lot of stuff
~Niebuhr - Vatican II
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~a lot of reform
~allowed mass to be said in language of people
~brought Cath. church into modern world; more open dialouge with other churches
~states right of Religious Freedome for all people
~John XXIII - Ecumenical Movement
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~trys to unite all Christians theologically
~culminated w/ World Council of Churchs
~continues today - Evangelicalism
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*conservative movement w/in American Protestantism
*emphasis on authority of Bible and relatoinship with JC
*BILLY GRAHAM--integrated crusades - Pentecostalism
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began: 1906, Azuza Street Revival
*characterised by experience of being filled w/spirit
*signs accompany this experince = healing, prophecy, speaking tounge
++Positives++
+Celebrate Faith-excitment
+Integrated-everybody included
+Gender-doesnt matter
*aka: Assembly of God, 4-Square Gospel Churchs, Church of Gon in Christ.... - Theology
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*the study of God
*Historical-historical development of doctrice
*Systematic-looks at doctrine systematically - Doctrine of Revelation
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*process or understanding how god processed or revealed himself to humanity
*God finds us
*intimate and personal relationship with Christian God
**Revelation**divine aspect
**Faith**human respnse - Scripture
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Bible seen as authoritative!
the record/testimaony of god's revalation
"vehicle"which brings us message - Work of God
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God is...
1-Creator-Father
2-Redeamor-Son
3-Substainer-Holy Spirit -
Doctrine of God
Work of God -
God is...
1-Creator-Father
2-Redeamor-Son
3-Substainer-Holy Spirit -
Doctrine of God
ATTRIBUTES -
1.Holy..purity of god
2.Love
3.Righteous..opposes all wrong
4.Powerful.."sovereign"
%.Personal -
Doctrine of God
PRESENCE -
--1--Transcendent
otherness of god, god is creator we are creation, always a vastness we will never understand
--2--Immanent
god is always present with us - Doctrine of Sin
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a.Rebellion
b.Unbelief
c.Pride
d.Affects the whole perosn
e.Human Race
f.Inevitable
solution to problem = salvation thru Christ - Christ
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INCARNATION..infleshing in christ, the son is human......Christ is fully human and fully God
WORK OF CHRIST..1-Prophet(proclamation, spread the word)...2-Priest(mediator btwn gona & human)...3-King(royal) - Salvation
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JUSTIFICATION(past)
moment of intial entry into faith, to be made righteous
SANCTIFICATION(present)
on going process, growing in Christ, maturing in faith
GLORIFICATION(future)
ultimatley saved, completion of salvation experince - "The People of God"
- god-> "ecclesia": gathering of those who are called out
- "The Body of Christ"
- Christians represent continuing work of Christ in the world
- "Fellowship of Saints"
- partnership of forgiven sinners
- Tasks
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1WORSHIP=primary function of church
2PROCLAMATION=prclaim good news of christ
3SACRAMENTS=Baptism, communion
4MINISTRY=caring for those who are in need
5MISSIONS=making diciples of all people - EACHATOLOGY
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~the study of "last things"
~talk about death/lifeafter death/jugdement/ heaven & hell/ 2nd coming