World History AP Chapter 25 B Set
Traditions & Encounters: World History AP Chapter 25 New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania McGraw-Hill.com)
Glossary Set
Glossary Set
Terms
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- Columbian Exchange
- Global proliferation of plants, crops, animals, human populations, and diseases following Columbus' voyage.
- Hacienda (HAH-see-ehn-dah)
- Large Latin American estates.
- Zambos (ZAHM-bohs)
- Latin American term for individuals born of indigenous and African parents.
- Peninsulares (pehn-IHN-soo-LAH-rayz)
- Latin American officials from Spain or Portugal.
- United East India Company (VOC)
- Dutch joint-stock company, founded in 1602, that operated Dutch trading posts with government support but with little government oversight.
- Christianity
- Religion emerging from Middle East in the first century C.E. holding Jesus to be the son of God who sacrificed himself on behalf of mankind.
- Manila Galleons
- Heavily armed, fast ships that brought luxury goods from China to Mexico and carried silver from Mexico to China.
- Mulattoes
- Brazilians of mixed ancestry.
- Treaty of Tordesillas
- Treaty (1494) dividing the world outside Europe between Spain and Portugal along the North-South meridian at 370 leagues west of the Cape Verdes Islands.
- World History AP Chapter 25 Glossary B Set
- New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania (Glossary Set B)
- Taino (TEYE-noh)
- A Caribbean tribe who were the first indigenous peoples from the Americas to come into contact with Christopher Columbus.
- Aztec empire
- Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the fifteenth century during the reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I.
- Repartimiento (reh-PAHR-tih-mehn-toh)
- Spanish labor system in Latin America, supposed to replace the encomienda system, in which native communities were compelled to provide laborers for the farms or mines and the Spanish employers were expected to pay fair wages.
- Indentured labor
- Labor source in the Americas; wealthy planters would pay the European poor to sell a portion of their working lives, usually seven years, in exchange for passage.
- Criollos (kree-OH-lohs)
- Creoles, people born in the Americas of Spanish or Portuguese ancestry.
- East India Company
- British joint-stock company that grew to be a state within a state in India; it possessed its own armed forces.
- Audiencias
- Courts appointed by the king who reviewed the administration of viceroys serving Spanish colonies in America.
- Quinto (KEEN-toh)
- The one-fifth of Mexican and Peruvian silver production that was reserved for the Spanish monarchy.
- Manila
- Busy port city that became the Spanish capital of the Philippines following Spanish conquest of the Philippines in 1565.
- Mestizo
- Latin American term for children of Spanish and native parentage.
- Inca empire
- Powerful South American empire that would reach its peak in the fifteenth century during the reigns of Pachacuti Inca and Topa Inca.
- Encomienda (ehn-KOH-mee-ehn-dah)
- System that gave the Spanish settlers (encomenderos) the right to compel the indigenous peoples of the Americas to work in the mines or fields.
- Metis (may-TEES)
- Canadian term for individuals of mixed European and indigenous ancestry.
- Conquistadores (kohn-KEE-stah-dohr-ayz)
- Spanish adventurers like Cortes and Pizarro who conquered Central and South America in the sixteenth century.
- Engenho
- Brazilian sugar mill; the term also came to symbolize the entire complex world relating to the production of sugar.