Reformation and Modern Church History Final Questions 27-43
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- 27 Via media
- what the Church of England was often called during the Elizabethan era in the last half of the 16th century. Literally means the “middle wayâ€.
- 27 The idea of “Via Mediaâ€
- Church of England saw themselves as midway between the extremes of Puritanism and Catholicism
- 27 Anglican distinctives
- theology: 39 Articles were basic though moderate confession of the Church of England. Church Polity: scripture, tradition, and reason together dictated. Public worship: concern for liturgical consensus. Spirituality: Andrews, Donne, Herbert, Walton
- 27 The Anglican mind concerned with
- comprehensiveness, love of beauty, grace, moralism
- 28 Historical definition of Puritanism
- a “spiritual movement†which developed under Elizabeth I, blossomed in the Interregnum, and withered in the persecution between the Restoration and Toleration.
- 28 Elizabeth I reign
- 1558 for 45 years
- 28 Interregnum dates
- 1640’s and 50’s
- 28 Restoration date
- 1660
- 28 Toleration date
- 1689
- 28 Beginnings of Puritanism
- not originally separate from the Anglican Church but a group within it whose goal was to push the reform begun under Edward VI to greater perfection in worship and church discipline, establish righteousness in culture, and convert everyone to a vigorous evangelical faith.
- 28 Puritan disappointment, disillusionment, and despair
- disappointment with Elizabeth – didn’t complete good beginnings of Edward VI – Disillusionment with James I: Millenary Petition asked James to continue and further the reform of the church but James proved to be less than tolerant of any divergence from “official†church positions. – Despair with Charles I: Appointed archbishop Laud who ruled church the way Charles ruled state. High-church movement and Armenian theology begins to infiltrate church.
- 28 What went wrong with puritan movement
- division in ranks and mixture of religion and politics
- 28 Restoration of 1660
- Charles II, son of executed king, returns after Cromwell.
- 28 Act of Uniformity
- 1662, said that all English ministers had to conform to Anglican ideal
- 28 Great Ejection
- 1662, ministers (some 2000) who didn’t conform to Anglican ideal were removed from their pulpits.
- 28 The Puritan mind concerned with
- thoroughness, biblical worship, grace, and law
- 28 John Donne born
- 1572
- 28 John Donne Writings
- Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions and Several Steps In My Sickness Death’s Duel, or A Consolation To The Soul Against The Dying Life and Living Death Of The Body
- 28 John Donne Position
- Dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London
- 28 Great preacher and poet who was dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London
- John Donne
- 28 George Herbert lived
- 17th century
- 28 Richard Baxter lived
- 17th century
- 28 Oliver Cromwell lived
- 17th century
- 28 John Owen lived
- 17th century
- 28 John Bunyan lived
- 17th century
- 28 George Herbert Writings
- The Country Parson
- 28 Wrote The Country Parson
- George Herbert
- 28 Wrote Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions and Several Steps In My Sickness
- John Donne
- 28 John Owens’s writings
- The Death of Death in the Death of Christ The Savoy Declaration
- 28 Wrote The Death of Death in the Death of Christ
- John Owen
- 28 Wrote The Savoy Declaration
- John Owen
- 28 John Bunyan writings
- The Pilgrim’s Progress, Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, The Sinner and the Spider, The Pilgrim Hymn, Mr. Bunyan’s Last Sermon.
- 28 Wrote The Pilgrim’s Progress
- John Bunyan
- 28 Wrote Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners
- John Bunyan
- 28 Wrote The Sinner and the Spider
- John Bunyan
- 28 Wrote The Pilgrim Hymn
- John Bunyan
- 29 Andrew Melville lived
- 1545-1622
- 29 Greatest Scottish Presbyterian leader after John Knox
- Andrew Melville
- 29 Under his leadership, Scottish Presbyterianism was perfected in the Second Book of Discipline in 1581
- Andrew Melville
- 29 Andrew Melville led the fight
- by Scottish Presbyterians to have authority within their own churches without the interference or control of the king.
- 29 Melville in 1596
- met with King James and reminded him that Christ was king of the church
- 29 Melville in 1607
- exiled by King James to tower of London where he remained until his death in 1622
- 30 Who were the Covenanters?
- those who, after the Restoration held out for a pure revival of the church in Scotland, over and against the Resolutioners, who thought perhaps some compromise could be reached with the Episcopalians.
- 30 They alone had the courage to challenge the oppression of the Stewarts
- the covenanters
- 30 The Covenanters were also called
- the “protestorsâ€
- 30 The Covenanters stood opposite the
- Resolutioners
- 30 Bass Rock
- Covenanter prison
- 30 Battles of Rullion Green (Pentland Rising) and Bothwell Bridge
- battles in which small covenanter armies fought and lost.
- 30 “The Killing Timeâ€
- the period of Scottish history in which many Covenanters lost their lives.
- 30 Expelled during the time of the restoration because they would not agree with the Episcopalians
- “outed ministersâ€
- 30 Preached outside, in secret, often hidden away in the highlands and the moorlands
- “outed ministersâ€
- 30 Time of the two Martyrs named Margaret
- the “Killing Time†– period during the Restoration
- 30 Covenanters could judged fanatical and extreme but
- they alone had the courage to challenge the extreme oppression of the Stewarts.
- 28 Great puritan names
- Milton, Owen, Baxter, Bunyan, and Flavel.
- 31 Met in the Netherlands for about six months in 1618-19
- Synod of Dordt
- 31 Synod of Dordt met
- for about six months in 1618-19
- 31 Background of Synod of Dordt is clash between these groups
- two groups of Dutch Christians: Remonstrants and Counter-Remonstrants
- 31 Jacob Arminius lived
- 1560-1609
- 31 Background of Jacob Arminius
- from Norway, went to Geneva where he studied with Beza and became strict Calvinist. Shifted his views when he was asked to write an answer to an anti-Calvinist and became less convinced of Calvinism himself. Appointed professor of theology at the University in Leiden and clashed with Calvinist colleague Franciscus Gomarus. After Arminius died, his followers put forth a document called the Remonstrance so that their views could be better understood and accepted in the Netherlands.
- 31 Followers of Jacob Arminius put forth this document so they could be better understood in the Netherlands
- the Remonstrance
- 31 Five points of the Remonstrance
- 1) God did not elect individuals 2) Christ died for all 3) Faith is a gift of God, but 4) Faith is resistible 5) Perseverance is unclear.
- 31 Summarize Main point of the Remonstrance
- God does not choose anyone but makes it possible for everyone to choose him.
- 31 Synod of Dordt was called by
- the nationalist and anti-catholic Prince Maurice of Orange
- 31 Classic example of Calvinist vs. non-Calvinist view of soteriology
- Remonstrance vs. Counter-Remonstrance issue
- 31 Ecumenical “reformed†synod consisting of different delegations of reformed theologians. Arminians were only present as defendants
- the Synod of Dordt
- 31 Out of this council came the famous Five Heads of Doctrine
- Synod of Dordt
- 31 Unanimous view reached (except for some minor differences over things like infra and supra lapsarian) at
- Synod of Dordt
- 31 These answers to the five points of the Remonstrance, rearranged, produce the five points of Calvinism
- the Five Heads of Doctrine
- 31 The Five Heads of Doctrine
- from: 1)God’s electing purpose not conditioned by anything in the sinner (“not founded upon foreseen faithâ€) 2)Christ’s death sufficient to save the world but efficient only for the elect (“to bring them infallibly to salvationâ€) 3)Mankind is corrupt (“incapable of any saving goodâ€) 4)The Holy Spirit irresistibly gives the gift of faith to the elect (who are “unfeignedly calledâ€) 5)Those justified will be preserved to the end (“But God is faithful, who having conferred grace, mercifully confirms and powerfully preserves them therein, even to the end.â€)
- 31 Overall thrust of the canons of Dordt/Five Heads of Doctrine
- It is God who saves us by fulfilling His plan. God Saves sinners.
- 31 The rest of the work of the Synod of Dordt was divided into
- Pro-Acta Work and Post-Acta Work
- 31 The Pro-Acta Work of the Synod of Dordt
- approved new translation of the Bible, organized catechetical instruction, established preparation and qualifications for candidates for the ministry.
- 31 The Post-Acta Work of the Synod of Dordt
- established a definitive text of the Belgic Confession, set guidelines for Sunday observance (moderate between puritan and continental positions on Sabbath) and adopted a new church order (Presbyterian, though that word isn’t usually used but is called “Reformed†church order in the Dutch churches.) – an attempt at freeing the church from Erastian control.
- 32 Occasion of Westminster Assembly
- conflict between Stuart King Charles I and Parliament over the issues of representative government vs. royal absolutism and religious freedom vs. ecclesiastical tyranny. These two issues had come to a boiling point in the 1640s and resulted in civil war between parliament and king.
- 32 Long Parliament wanted to create
- new government (first with the king, then without him after 1649) and new church of Reformed nature.
- 32 Called the Westminster Assembly
- Long Parliament
- 32 Date of Westminster Assembly’s beginning
- July 1, 1643
- 32 Where was Westminster Assembly
- Westminster Abbey in London, first in Chapel of Henry VII, then in the Jerusalem Chamber when weather became cold.
- 32 How many members of the Westminster Assembly
- 121 Divines
- 32 Political context of the Westminster Assembly
- Called by Long Parliament to resolve conflict over representative vs. absolutist government and religious freedom vs. ecclesiastical tyranny
- 32 Religious sects at time of Westminster Assembly
- conservative Anglicans, mainstream Presbyterians and Congregationalists, radical Baptists and Quakers, most radical fringe: levelers, diggers, and fifth-monarchy men
- 32 Became major political force working to create new government in 1640’s
- Long Parliament
- 32 Differences amongst the Westminster divines
- minor in theology, major in polity
- 33 Work of the Westminster Assembly
- 1. preaching and prayer 2. Revision of the Thirty-Nine Articles 3. Creation of “The Four Points of Uniformityâ€
- 33 The Four Points of Uniformity
- Form of Church Government, Directory For Public Worship, Confessions of Faith, Catechisms
- 33 Perhaps the most difficult and longest portion of work of the Westminster assembly
- Form of Church Government.
- 33 Westminster Assembly was tasked to reform four major areas for the church of England
- government, worship, confessions of faith, and catechisms- they were to do so according to the Word of God and the examples of the Church of Scotland and other reformed churches abroad.
- 33 A guide for ministers to use for creating services of worship, not a liturgy but a guide for Sunday worship and a comprehensive pastoral theology
- Directory For Public Worship
- 33 After debating over the Confession, parliament sent it back to the divines for
- proof texts- five more months of work
- 33 Last plenary session of Westminster Assembly
- Feb 22, 1649
- 33 Number of meetings held by the Westminster Assembly
- 1163 meetings over 5 ½ years
- 33 This undid the work of the Westminster Assembly in the Church of England
- the 1660 return of the King.
- 33 Two distinct parts of the Church of England
- Anglican party and Puritan party
- 34 Protestant Orthodoxy can be used interchangeably with
- Protestant Scholasticism
- 34 Four words can be used to describe Protestant Orthodoxy
- Orthodox, Scholastic, Polemic, Practical (Pastoral)
- 34 Scholastic method
- Start with a question, then review what everyone has said on both sides of the question, then delineate the right answer.
- 34 What is the Value of Protestant Orthodoxy?
- Careful and precise theology and spiritual nourishment
- 35 Amyraldianism is
- the system of Reformed theology propounded by the French theologian Moise Amyraut and associates at the Saumur Academy in the seventeenth century
- 35 Amyraldianism is basically
- Calvinism minus limited atonement
- Amyraut insisted that
- the chief doctrine of Christian theology is not predestination but the faith that justifies
- 36 Jansenists recovered
- the teaching of Augustine at a time when in the Roman Catholic church so much of that was lost.
- 36 Cornelius Jansen
- 1585-1638 Dutch Catholic theologian whose greatest contribution was his book Augustine
- 36 greatest contribution was his book Augustine
- Cornelius Jansen
- 36 Jansen’s views were nearly
- Calvinistic, though he and his followers always denied so and stayed in the Catholic Church.
- 36 Jansenism was a __________ and __________movement, trying to bring the doctrine of Grace back into the Catholic Church and tried to insist on greater diligence in the Christian life and concern for the church and the way people lived
- theological and reforming
- 36 Pascal born
- in France in 1623
- 36 Pascal was
- Scientific genius of 17th century
- 36 Pascal’s life
- Lifetime of sickness and suffering. Died when he was only 39
- 36 Provincial Letters
- written by Pascal Brilliant answer to Jesuit attacks on Jansenism.
- 36 Pascal’s Pensees
- “thoughts†were put together in a book that represented the apologetical approach to Christianity that Pascal would have written if he had lived.
- 36 Pascal’s audience for Pensees
- “modern pagans†Pascal was attempting to reach comfortable members of the new intelligencia.
- 36 Pascal’s message in Pensees
- The problem we are unhappy, we are mortal The common solution diversion, indifference Passionate truth-seeking reason, heart The hiddenness of God The grace of God The Christian Life
- 37 The Enlightenment was a period of time in the late 1600’s when
- the promise of science, and the progress of philosophy promised to answer the problems of the world.
- 37 His scientific work led into the enlightenment’s faith in Science to provide solutions
- Isaac Newton
- 37 Two main approaches to philosophy came out of the Enlightenment
- Rationalism (Descartes) – continental approach saying start with the mind and Empiricism (Locke) – 37 British approach saying begin with the external world.
- 37 During the Enlightenment, this began to emerge as a separate discipline from theology
- philosophy
- 37 Rationalism name
- Descartes
- 37 Empiricism name
- Locke
- 37 Continental Enlightenment approach to Philosophy
- Rationalism
- 37 British Enlightenment approach to Philosophy
- Empiricism
- Enlightenment Philosophy that says we should start with the mind and reason everything else out
- Rationalism – Descartes
- 37 Enlightenment Philosophy that says we should begin with the external world and organize the data we observe in order to find the truth
- Empiricism – Locke
- 37 During the Enlightenment, this began to dictate what one believed more than did the bible
- Reason
- 37 During the enlightenment, __________ began to emerge as a separate discipline from theology
- philosophy
- 37 Provincial Letters
- Pascal’s brilliant answer to Jesuit attacks on Jansenism
- 37 The Reasonableness of Christianity
- John Locke – Theme was the centrality of morality
- 37 Said there was a “big ugly ditch†between history and reason
- Lessing said: you can’t really trust history – there is a big ditch between what we know now and what we read about the past.
- 37 Said no certain knowledge possible because the senses may not represent what is actually out there
- David Hume
- 38 Romanticism was not necessarily
- a conflicting movement to the Enlightenment. It was more like a parallel movement
- 38 Rousseau seemed to be saying
- “I feel, therefore I amâ€
- 38 The Romantic creed
- the importance of feeling, the sanctity of Nature, and the role of the artist
- 38 Immanuel Kant wrote
- Religion Within The Limits of Reason Alone – a rational Romantic philosophy
- 38 Friedrich Schleiemacher wrote
- On Religion – Speeches to its Cultured Despisers 38 38 Friedrich Schleiemacher aught that our understanding of God and the Gospel
- 38 After him, there is a great deal more discussion of the subjective and personal nature of Christianity which becomes the focus of modern theology
- Schleiemacher
- 38 Since the 18th century, we’ve had an Enlightenment mind and a Romantic heart: a split personality
- Our minds believe we CAN solve problems and find answers to everything. But sooner or later there is an emptiness in the mind and soul and the Romantics teach us that we should live life according to our wants and desires.
- 39 Define Pietism
- The seventeenth-century reaction within Lutheranism against what it considered the cold, abstract, argumentative nature of Lutheran orthodoxy. Pietism stressed "the religion of the heart," an experiential, warm, affectional, and often sentimental, view of the Faith. Pietism later spread to the Reformed churches and it was a hallmark of Wesleyanism. ...
- 39 Two parts of the Pietist movement
- Lutheran (Spencer) and Moravian (Zinsendorf)
- 39 Said that Luther stressed both head and heart – not just dry doctrine
- Philip Jacob Spenser
- 39 Began to meet with members of his church in small groups for prayer and bible study
- Philip Jacob Spenser
- 39 “Collegiae Peietatisâ€
- Colleges of Piety, started by Philip Jacob Spenser
- 39 After his time at Frankfort, became associated with the new University of Halle
- Philip Jacob Spener
- 39 August Herman Franke became his colleague at Halle and worked with him for reform
- Philip Jacob Spenser
- 39 Wrote Pietas Hallensis or Public Demonstration of the Footsteps of a Divine Being Yet in the World
- August Hermann Franke
- 39 Some major Pietism advocates
- Philip Jacob Spenser, Johann Arndt, August Hermann Franke, Nicholas Ludwig count von Zinsendorf
- 39 Wanted to show that by believing God and doing His work, Christians could show that God was still at work in the world
- August Herman Franke
- 39 Influenced Hudson Taylor, Amy Carmichael, Francis and Edith Schaefer
- August Hermann Francke
- 39 Moravian side of Pietist movement best represented by
- Nicholas Ludwig Count von Zinsendorf
- 39 I have one passion. It is He.
- Nicholas Ludwig Count von Zinsendorf (1700-1760)
- 39 Found his life’s work when 300 Moravian refuges (traced ancestry back to Jan Huss) came to his estate at Herrnhut.
- Nicholas Ludwig count von Zinsendorf(1700-1760)
- 39 “The Golden Summer†of 1727 (as the Moravians call it) happened at his estate
- Nicholas Ludwig count von Zinsendorf(1700-1760)
- 39 The Pietists and the Moravians – distinctives
- Spiritual awakening through bible study and prayer, social concern, missions
- 39 Pursued Biblical Theology, as over and against systematic theology – studied the bible consecutively as it was written
- the Pietists and the Moravians.
- 39 One hundred-year prayer meeting started in
- the Golden Summer of 1727
- 39 Focused on community in the way they lived their lives. Adopted simple life-style and lived in communities so that they could share what they produced
- Moravians
- 39 Over half of all Protestant missionaries of the 18th century were
- Moravians
- 39 Johann Sebastian Bach lived
- 1685-1750
- 39 Bach composed this many cantatas
- around 300
- 39 Cantatas are
- musical sermons with words taken from the scripture lesson of the day
- 39 Sometimes called the “fifth evangelistâ€
- Bach
- 39 His music flowed out of theological orthodoxy and biblical knowledge and personal piety
- Bach
- 39 Often found on Bach’s music manuscripts
- SDG (soli deo Gloria) and JJ (Jesu juva – Jesus help me)
- 40 Easiest to look at evangelical revival in England as
- a series of overlapping circles consisting of the Moravians, John Wesley and the Methodists, George Whitefield and his associates, The Welsh, and The Anglican Evangelicals
- 40 January 1, 1739
- Moravian’s “Pentecost at New Year†– a day in a day in London on which there began to be a period of zeal for outreach and growth among the Moravians
- 40 Fetter Lane Society
- opened the way for Moravian evangelism
- 40 Leaders of the Moravians in England
- Benjamin Ingham and John Cennick – originally worked with the Wesleys and Whitfield but eventually became Moravian leaders.
- 40 Wanted to bring vigor of spiritual life to the existing churches of England
- the Moravians
- 40 Samuel and Susanna Wesley had this many children
- 19
- 40 Samuel Wesley was
- a rector in the Church of England
- 40 Susanna Wesley was
- daughter of a puritan divine
- 40 John Wesley was child number
- 15
- 40 Charles Wesley was child number
- 18
- 40 John and Charles Wesley founded this club, which included George Whitfield, at Oxford
- “The Holy Clubâ€
- 40 John and Charles Wesley were ordained in
- the Anglican Church
- 40 Sent to Georgia to minister to settlers and Indians but returned home a miserable failure
- John and Charles Wesley
- 40 Said “My heart strangely warmed†when he heard someone reading from Luther
- John Wesley
- 40 Said “The world is my Parish†after he was converted
- John Wesley
- 40 Wesley’s doctrinal errors
- Arminian theology and entire sanctification
- 40 Wesley’s evangelical Arminianism said
- salvation is a gift of God through Christ but 40 Grace is offered to everyone and acceptance or rejection of grace is ultimately conditioned on human choice.
- 40 Wesley’s “entire sanctification†based on
- 1 John 3:8 “He that is born of god does not sin.â€
- 40 This Wesley was the great hymn writer
- Charles wrote over 6000 hymns including “And can it beâ€
- 40 The term “Methodistsâ€
- was at first used for all supporters of the evangelical revival in England, regardless of denomination, but eventually the Moravians separated and the Methodist movement divided into a Calvinist and Arminian branch.
- 40 Methodist society originally gathered
- at the Foundry in Moorfields, London in 1739.
- 40 Methodist society that met at Moorfields was originally intended
- to be a group of earnest Christians within the church but originally became more like a separate church.
- 40 Significance of ordination of Thomas Coke
- when John Wesley ordained him in 1784, rather than him being ordained by the Church of England, this made the Methodists, for all intents and purposes, a separate church.
- 40 George Whitefield was a friend of theirs from Oxford days
- the Wesleys
- 40 She was a major figure in the Evangelical revival in England who rcvd. 93 letters from Whitfield
- Lady Huntingdon
- 40 “The Countess of Huntingdon’s Connexionâ€
- Lady Huntingdon (Lady Selina Shirley)
- 40 Her money and influence were used to further revival in England in the 18th century
- Lady Huntingdon
- 40 The Associate Presbytery
- Group Ralph Erskine led out of Church of Scotland that is ancestor of the Associate Presbyterian Church today
- 40 Revival came to the national Church of Scotland in the 18th century through
- William McCullock and “the Cambuslang Workâ€
- 40 Important lady who supported revival work in Scotland
- Lady Glenarchy
- 40 Whitfield came to this city in America
- Savannah
- 40 Leaders of the Welsh revival movement
- Griffith Jones – morning star of revival, Daniel Rowland – great preacher, Howel Harris – Superintendent of Trevecca College, William Williams – Hymn Writer (Guide Me Oh Thou Great Jehovah)
- 40 George Whitfield role in Wales
- catalyst for bringing about the revival in Wales
- 40 Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Church later called
- the Welsh Presbyterian Church
- 40 The Anglican Evangelicals were those who
- stayed in the church (but had evangelical revival theology) when the Methodists left
- 41-42 Major considerations of the backdrop of the First Great Awakening
- Spiritual deadness, halfway Covenant, threat of liberalism
- 41-42 The First Great Awakening began in part when
- a number of young preachers (Frelinghuysen, Tennent, and Edwards) began preaching the old gospel with a new zeal, linked in their various revivals especially by the work of George Whitefield
- 41-42 He linked the various revivals and produced what we call in American History “The Great Awakeningâ€
- George Whitfield
- 41-42 The results of the First Great Awakening
- Conversions (in the context of Calvinism), Debate and controversy (especially between the Congregationalists and the Presbyterians), Social Effects (spiritual democracy), the founding of Schools (Princeton, Dartmouth, Rutgers, Brown), the preservation of Calvinism for another 100 years
- 41-42 Career of George Whitefield
- 1739-41 2nd visit at age 34 was most important – founded Bethesda orphanage in Savannah – “Gospel Ranging†life spent preaching in Scotland, England, Wales, and America – died in 1770’s after wearing himself out as an itinerant preacher – comment from entire Colonial press
- 41-42 Date of First Great Awakening
- mid 18th century in America
- 41-42 Leaders of First Great Awakening
- Frelinghuysen, Tennent, Edwards. and Whitefield
- 41-42 Major distinctives of the First Great Awakening
- glory of God, work of the Holy Spirit, individual freedom and responsibility
- 43 Jonathan Edwards born
- 1703
- 43 Jonathan Edwards family
- ten sisters, father pastor
- 43 Jonathan Edwards’s geography
- spent life mostly in central Connecticut and Western Mass with brief journeys to NY and NJ
- 43 Jonathan Edwards early education
- Latin by 7, Greek and Hebrew shortly after
- 43 Jonathan Edwards graduated from
- Yale in 1720
- 43 Jonathan Edwards saw doctrine of God’s Sovereignty
- as horrible in childhood, but around time of graduation from Yale began to see it as exceedingly pleasant and sweet.
- 43 J Edwards first served
- preacher in small pres church in New York for seven or eight months then returned to Yale to be a tutor for a short time, then to Mass again as pastor at about 24 years of age
- 43 J Edwards in Northampton
- spent 23 years here – went to serve as colleague then successor to his grandfather, Solomon Stoddard
- 43 J Edwards marriage
- 1727 to Sarah Pierrepont, known for wit, piety , intelligence, beauty
- 43 J Edwards difficulties in ministry
- wife criticized because of her flair for fashion and because six of her eleven children were born on the Sabbath day.
- Jonathan Edwards spoke of it as a surprising work of God
- Revival of 1734 –spread from youth to adults
- 43 Clashed with his church people over church discipline and the halfway covenant
- J Edwards
- 43 J Edwards dismissed from North Hampton
- 1750
- 43 After being dismissed from North Hampton, J Edwards went to
- Stockbridge, a frontier city in far Western Mass. as missionary to the Indians
- 43 He was invited to succeed his son-in-law as president of College of New Jersey
- J Edwards in 1757
- 43 Died at age 55 after only six weeks at Princeton from small pox inoculation
- J Edwards
- 43 Books by J Edwards
- A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God, Some Thoughts Concerning the Present Revival in New England, A Treatise Concerning Religious Affections, The Freedom of the Will, The Great Christian Doctrine of Original Sin Defended, A History of the Work of Redemption
- 43 Themes in J Edwards preaching themes
- the Glory of God, Delight in God, The Judgment of God
- 43 Preached that God gets all the glory because of or total lack of ability to do anything
- Jonathan Edwards
- 43 Clearly delighted to be in the presence of God and longed to communicate that delight
- J Edwards
- 43 J Edwards most famous sermon
- “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry Godâ€
- 43 Sermons by J Edwards
- Sinners in the hands of an Angry God, God Glorified in man’s Dependence, On a Divine and Supernatural Light, Christian Pilgrims
- 43 Theology of J Edwards
- Independent thinker but loved Calvin, the great Puritan divines, Thomas Boston, Francis Turretin and Van Mastricht