Word History- Rome
Terms
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- First form of government in Rome
- aristocracy
- Aristocracy goverened by nobles, or ___________
- patricians
- Patrician elected by the Senate to supervise the business of government and command the armies
- consul
- peasants
- plebeians
- officials elected by plebeians to protect their interests
- tribunes
- Some of the rights of tribunes:
- could enact laws in the assembly, could hold all government offices--codefication of laws gives them leverage to argue any injustice
- Roman army
- legion
- How did soldiers feel about the Republic?
- That it belonged to them
- How did Romans treat conquered peoples?
- Justly. Even granted citizenship to some.
- Who fought in the Punic Wars?
- Rome and Carthage
- How many different wars make up the set called the Punic Wars?
- two
- Who won the Punic Wars?
- Rome
- What were some of the effects of Rome's successful conquests?
-
-brought tremendous wealth to the already wealthy
-nobles acquired vast estates
-merchants and businessmen filled army contracts and got rich off trade
-farms were left untended (farmers left to go fight) - Who were the Gracchus brothers?
- Tribunes who got public funds to feed the poor, redistributed land to the poor, and were murdered by Senate thugs/hired killers
- From Republic to _______
- empire
- Who was the great figure that emerged amidst the chaos and disparity of the poor?
- Julius Caesar
- Whom did Julius Caesar defeat for control
- rival Pompey
- What improvements did Caesar make to help the poor?
- He made reforms to give jobs and redistributed the land back to the poor
- How did Caesar's power come to an end?
- He was assassinated by those fearing his popularity
- Who defeated Marc Antony and began the first empire?
- Octavian
- What did Octavian later change his name to?
- Augustus
- Who was the first ruler under the Pax Romana?
- Augustus
- Germanic tribes that invaded Rome
- the Huns
- What happened as a result of the Germanic invasions?
- Rome fell (more due to its own weakness than German strength)
- What happened after the first true fall of Rome?
-
-Corrupt, authoritarian government (lost public support)
-Civil wars
-Empire divided as it was being attacked - Who divided the empire into East and West?
- Diocletian
- Which half of the divided empire was the rich half?
- The East
- What were some of the economic weaknesses that occured after the division of Rome?
-
-Heavier taxes were required for the support of the expanding bureaucracy and military efforts
-use of slave labour discouraged cultural innovations
-the self-sufficiency of large estates hurt trade
-small farmers abandoned their land
-middle class sank into poverty; tremendous income gap - Division in ________: some Jews were willing to live under Roman rule while others were not
- Judea
- Those who refused to live under Roman rule were _______
- zealots
- Jesus Christ's greatest missionary
- St. Paul
- ________ edict of Milan
- Constantine's
- What was the main reason the Coliseum was the beating heart of Rome?
- it was Democratic (people had a voice)
- Bread and circuses: emperors tried to win the support of the poor with ________ and ______
- spectacles and gladiator games