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ifhhch19

Terms

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social Darwinism
"survival of the fittest", European dominance involved the displacement or destruction of backward peoples or "unfit" races
Taiping Uprising
the culmination of China's internal crisis. Set much of the country aflame. Peasant upheaval- liked Christinaity. Leader: Hong Xiuquan (young brother of Jesus).
Opium Wars
Many countries (mainly China) addicted to Opium. Commisioner Lin Zexu led campaign against drug. British got mad at this, etc. The Treaty of Nanjing ended conflict.
unequal treaties
To china, the Treaty of Nanjing was the first
self-strengthening movement
China tried to help the dynasty by application of traditional Confucian principles and limited borrowing from the West
Boxer Rebellion
General failure of "self-strengthening" become apparent with this. Led by militia organizations that called themselves the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists. Europeans and Chinese Christians were killed and something about Beijing.
Tanzimat reforms
("reorganization") Ottoman leadership sought to provide economic, social, and legal stuff for a stronger state. Ex: resettlement, Western-style law codes, new schools
Young Ottomans
Urged the extension of Western-style education. Rejected despotism of Ottoman rulers, wanted something like Great Britian. composed of military officers, poets, low officals, writers
Sultan Abd al-Hamis II
Ruled as a reactionary autocrat, suppressing liberal and nationalist sentiments. Claimed that Ottoman rulers were caliphs.
Young Turks
Military and civilian elites. Abandoned reference to Islam, Advocayed a military secular public life. Challenged Ottomac practices
informal empire
China- just one nation in a world of nation-states.
Tokugawa Japan
strictly regulated internal travel and communication. Issued rules about jobs, dress, hairstyle, etc.
Meiji restoration
Turning point on Japan's history. The country's new rulers claimed that they were restoring to power the young emperor
Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905
Established Japan as a military competitor and the first Asian state to defeat a major European Power.
"the sick man of Europe"
Ottoman Empire became known as this, instead of "the strong sword of Islam"

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