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Terms
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- social Darwinism
- "survival of the fittest", European dominance involved the displacement or destruction of backward peoples or "unfit" races
- Taiping Uprising
- the culmination of China's internal crisis. Set much of the country aflame. Peasant upheaval- liked Christinaity. Leader: Hong Xiuquan (young brother of Jesus).
- Opium Wars
- Many countries (mainly China) addicted to Opium. Commisioner Lin Zexu led campaign against drug. British got mad at this, etc. The Treaty of Nanjing ended conflict.
- unequal treaties
- To china, the Treaty of Nanjing was the first
- self-strengthening movement
- China tried to help the dynasty by application of traditional Confucian principles and limited borrowing from the West
- Boxer Rebellion
- General failure of "self-strengthening" become apparent with this. Led by militia organizations that called themselves the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists. Europeans and Chinese Christians were killed and something about Beijing.
- Tanzimat reforms
- ("reorganization") Ottoman leadership sought to provide economic, social, and legal stuff for a stronger state. Ex: resettlement, Western-style law codes, new schools
- Young Ottomans
- Urged the extension of Western-style education. Rejected despotism of Ottoman rulers, wanted something like Great Britian. composed of military officers, poets, low officals, writers
- Sultan Abd al-Hamis II
- Ruled as a reactionary autocrat, suppressing liberal and nationalist sentiments. Claimed that Ottoman rulers were caliphs.
- Young Turks
- Military and civilian elites. Abandoned reference to Islam, Advocayed a military secular public life. Challenged Ottomac practices
- informal empire
- China- just one nation in a world of nation-states.
- Tokugawa Japan
- strictly regulated internal travel and communication. Issued rules about jobs, dress, hairstyle, etc.
- Meiji restoration
- Turning point on Japan's history. The country's new rulers claimed that they were restoring to power the young emperor
- Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905
- Established Japan as a military competitor and the first Asian state to defeat a major European Power.
- "the sick man of Europe"
- Ottoman Empire became known as this, instead of "the strong sword of Islam"