Roman Lessons 1,2,3,4,5
Terms
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- Jesus
- Religious leader and founder of Christianity.
- Judea
- The land in the eastern Mediterranean region populated by Jews at the time of the Roman Empire.
- consul
- One of two elected officials of the Roman Republic who commanded the army and were supreme judges
- Christianity
- A religion based on the teachings of Jesus as recorded in the New Testament.
- Zama
- Site in northern Africa where the Roman army defeated the Carthaginian army.
- Punic Wars
- A series of wars between Rome and Carthage which ended in a victory for Rome.
- Constantinople
- A city established as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire by the emperor Constantine; now Istanbul
- Representative
- A person who is elected by citizens to speak or act for them.
- civil war
- A war going on between two groups in the same country
- Sicily
- An island in the Mediterranean Sea off the southwest tip of the Italian peninsula.
- Hannibal
- General of Carthage wo marched his army from Spain to Rome in the Second Punic War.
- Apennines
- The "backbone" that runs through the Italian peninsula.
- Census
- A periodic count of all people living in a country, city, or region.
- Senate
- The lawmaking body and most powerful branch of government in ancient Rome's republic.
- Latium Plain
- A plain on the west coast of Italy where Rome was built.
- Colosseum
- A large stadium in ancient Rome where athletic events took place.
- Nazareth
- A small town in northern Judea where, according to the New Testament, Jesus grew up.
- Roman Catholicism
- A branch of Christianity that developed in the western Roman Empire and recognizes the pope as its supreme head.
- Twelve Tables
- The earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450 B.C., that became the foundation of Roman laws.
- Bethlehem
- A small town south of Jerusalem where Jesus is said to have been born.
- Gladiator
- A Roman athlete, usually a slave, criminal, or prisoner if war, who was forced to fight for the entertainment of the public.
- Tribune
- An elected leader of ancient Roe who represented the interests of plebians.
- Scipio
- Roman general who defeated Hannibal in the Battle of Zama outside of Carthage.
- Livy
- Historian of the Roman Republic who wrote about the struggle between the plebians and patricians.
- Alps
- Europe's highest mountains, extending in an arc from the Mediterranean cost to the Balkan peninsula.
- patrician
- A member of the noble families who controlled all power in the early years of the Roman Republic
- Messiah
- A special leader the Jewish people believe will be sent by God to guide them and set up God's rule on Earth. Christians believe Jesus to be the Messiah.
- Peter
- One of the twelve apostles of Jesusl; Roman Catholics consider him to be the first pope of Rome.
- Carthage
- An ancient city on the north coast of Africa.
- pope
- The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church.
- Eastern Orthodox Christianity
- A branch of Christianity that developed in the Byzantine Empire that did not recognize the pope as its supremem leader.
- Constantine
- Roman emperor who founded Constantinople as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire.
- Dictator
- Someone who rules with absolute power
- parable
- A short story made to teach a lesson.
- Tiber River
- A river flowing southward from north-central Italy across the Latium plain into the Tyrrhenian Sea.
- Cleopatra
- Ruler of the Egyptian government in Alexandria who backed Caesar in the civil war he waged from 49 B.C. to 45 B.C.
- Aqueduct
- A high, arched structure built to carry water over long distances.
- Paul
- Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world.
- New Testament
- The second part of the Christian bible, containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and of his early followers.
- bishop
- A church official who leads a large group of Christians in a particular region.
- Julius Caesar
- Roman general who becam the republics dictator in 45 B.C.
- plebian
- A common farmer; craftworker; or trader in ancient Rome
- Palestine
- Region in southwestern Asia that became the ancient home of the Jews; the ancient Roman name for Judea; in recent times, the British protectorate that became Israel in 1947
- Diocletian
- Roman emperor who divided the empire in two and oversaw the eastern part.
- Forum
- A city market and meeting place in the center of ancient Rome.
- Byzantine Empire
- The name by which the eastern half of the Roman empire became known some time after A.D. 400.
- Apostle
- One of the 12 closest followers, chosen by him to help him teach.
- Republic
- A form of government in which citizens elect representatives to speek and act for them.
- Pax Romana
- A period of peace in the Roman Empire that began with the rule of Augustus in about 27 B.C. and lasted around 200 years.
- Rome
- The former center of both the ancient Roman Republic and the Roman Empire; capital of present-day Italy.