Imperialism
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- Imperialism
- (1800-1914) the domination by one country of the politial, economic, and social life of another country/religion
- New Imperialism
- For $ and for Country/Nationalism
- Old Imperialism
- 3 G's: Glory, Gold, God
- Examples of Old Imperialism
-
Age of Discovery
Napoleon in Egypt
Rome over Carthage
Alexander the Great in India
Geghis Khan in China - "White Man's Burden"
- the white people's belief that they need to help the "inferior races" because they were lucky to be born white and privelaged
- Why New Imperialism?
-
~Economy (nat. resources coal, diamonds, petroluem, palm oil, rubber)
~Military or Politics (Naval bases and Nat'l security)
~Humanitarianism/Religion (doctors, missionaries, etc. want to spread the wealth b/c of White Man's Burden)
~Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest in society - why cultures die out) - Vladimir Lenin
-
wrote "Imperialism the Highest Stage of Capitalism" (cap. is evil)
~was communist - "Dark Continent"
- Africa
- Africa
-
"Dark Continent" b/c unknown
~easy to take over /c there are 100's of diff languages, gov'ts, and cultures and they aren't unified - Alexandrine Tinne
- Dutch --> sent to explore and killed by Tauregs
- David Livingstone
-
Scottish --> went 1st to help people and returned home then went back as an explorer
Discovers Zambezi River (1851)
Discovers Lake Bangweulu
(1868)
Discovers Victoria Falls - David Livingstone Wrote _______________
- "The Zambezi and Its Tributes" (1865)
- Henry M. Stanley
-
British American --> Commisioned by NY Times to find Livingstone
~"Dr. Livingstone I Presume"
~books:
How I Found Livingstone
Through the Dark Continent - colonies
- use of own gov't and culture of country in another territory
- 2 types of colonies
-
-direct rule (paternalism)
-indirect rule - indirect rule
- (British) change some things, but still are in charge
- direct rule/paternalism
- (French) change everything
- Protectorate
- country that rules a colony
- Shpere of Influence
- protectorates change culture and people
- King Leopold II
-
Belgium --> starts division of Africa by:
~hires Stanley to explore Congo River Basin
~forms trade treaties w/ African leaders and tells them he'll gelp them - Berlin Conference
- (1884) all European countries invited to avoid fighting and they establish rules fot the taking of Africa
- Rules for taking Africa
-
1. Recognize Belgian claims and they get free trade on the Congo River
2. Muast have gov't official on site to claim
3. Must then send own officials to make sure they don't get out of hand with claiming the land - How long did it take for boundaries to be established?
- 20 years
- Ethiopia
- only country not taken
- Emperor Menelik II
-
Ethiopia --> reforms: *builds roads and bridges
*opens western schools
*imports weapons - Italy invades Ethiopia
- 1896 --> Itialian army crushed
- Boer
- duth farmer
- Boer War
-
(1899-1902) British vs. Duth in Cape Colony over gold and silver
Britain wins - Union of South Africa
- 1910 --> former Boer Republics unite in Cape Colony
- Muhammad Ali (background)
-
"Father of Modern Egypt" 1767-1849 (95 kids)
-was a Turkish soldier who defeated Napoleon
-conquered Arabia, Syrica, Sudan
-Appointed Egypt's Pasha (gov.)
-massacred the Mameluke Aristocracy in 1811(dominated Egypt since 1250) - Muhammad Ali (legacy)
-
-built up military & westernized Egypt(irrigation, advisors, education, government, innovated cotton as big income)
-1830 when egypt most powerful --> takes Ottoman land in Arabia - Suez Canal
-
joins Africa (med. sea) and Asia (indian ocean) 105 miles long and about as wide as ct.
-takes 42% away from trip
-accounts for 75% of cargo coming out of the middle east
IN EGYPT - Suez Canal (history)
-
-1799. napoleon hires peeps to survey -- impossible
-1854. Lesseps(fr.) start the canal and French pays 1/2
-total cost double estimate of 41,860,000
-1875 egypt cant pay and brit takes over and gives it back in 1957 - Ferdinand de Lesseps
- French - builds Suez Canal
- Sudan
-
Britain wants to control Nile completely:
-est. RR from Cape to Cairo
-Sudan resists for 16 yrs
-1885 sudanese army massacr brit at Khartoum (capital city)
-1898 Brit/Egypt take over
-French was to est. a belt and reach Sudan at same time
BRINK OF WAR --> Fashoda Incident - Fashoda Incident
-
Britain and France resolve diplomatically:
-France withdraws and gets water shed between Congo River and Nile River - Vasco de Gama
- (portugese) 1498 discovers Idia
- Moghals
- control India
- 2 major religions of India
-
-Hinduism
-Islam - Hinduism
-
(soul)
-chaste system (triangle. preists, warriors, merchants, servants)
-karma - w/ comes around goes around
-dharma - fulfilling your life - Islam
- muslims - Muhammad sent by Allah Jihad
- 5 pillars of Islam
-
1. One God --> Allah
2. Pray 5x a day (mecca
3. Pilgrimage to Mecca
4. Alms to the poor
5. Fast during Ramadan - British East Indian Co.
- company owned $$$$
- 2nd 100 years war
- France vs. Britain
- Robert Clive
- 2nd 100 years war hero
- Warren Hastings
-
1779 - 1st person in charge:
1. ended slavery
2. ended chaste system
3. gives women rights
"bad" - Cornwallis
-
Indian soldier loyal to Britain
-traveled over seas
-women were allowed to remarry
-ammo cartridges become big - Britain takes over India in ____
- 1858
- Niccoo + Maffeo Polo
-
1st euro. peeps in china
their route = silk road - Guangzhou
- only port open to foiengners in china
- balance of trade
- export more than import
- trade deficit
- import more than export
- Brits require change in china in _____
- 1793
- Opium war
- 1839 Br. vs. Chinese
- Treaty of Nanjing
-
1. Britain gets indemnity
2. open 5 ports
3. extraterritoriality
4. Britain gets same rights as any other country - Opium
- tar rolled into balls
- Taiping Rebellion
-
1850-1864
-20-30 mil. die (worst in history)
*chinese win* - Hong Xiuquan
- former teacher - thinks he's Jesus - leads Taiping Rebellion
- CiXi
- upholds Confucius - japan is modernizing and Chinese want reforms --> Japan wins (1868) --> open door policy
- Guang Xu
- leads 100 days of refor (to modernize) and puts CiXi in prison
- Boxer Rebellion
- 1899 (martial arts - west wins
- Red Lanterns
- group of women
- Sun Yixan
- 1911 makes China a Republic