Final Exam Review guide
THE JUICE
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- Oliver Cromwell
- creates protectorate
- First estate
- clergy
- William III
- maryII's husband, duke of orange
- Von Schlieffen Plan
- 1.) two front war- France and Russia 2.) France is the more dangerous enemy 3.) Defeat France First then Russia 4.) Attack France through Belgium
- Glorious Revolution
- mary and will stomp on england and throne, Overthrow of James ll
- Franco- Prussian war
- prussia wants southern german states to unite with german kingdom, france vs. prussia, prussia wins, will now german empire
- pius IX
- was given papal states
- von schlieffen plan
- a. two front war b.)france= more dangerous, attack first, then russia c.) defeat france first d.)attack france through belgium
- Fourteen Points
- wilson's plan for world peace following world war I
- Edict of Nantes
- Henry IV legalizes protestant religion and makes everyone happy
- World War I
- (1914-1918) BOP War sparked by assassination of Archduke ferdinand. Causes were nationalism, and romanticism. Resulted in a humiliating German defeat and the establishment of communism in Russia
- Charles II
- first king of restoration, smart, cautious, partier
- tennis court oath
- swears the national assembly will stay together till they have a const. monarchy
- Martin Luther
- a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.
- BO el Alamein
- british are superior, britain wins against germany
- Louis XIV
- son of Louis XII, smart, dilligent, model of absolutism
- V. I. Lenin
- took over russia as a communist country
- 1791 constitution
- king sign having a limited monarchy
- bolshevik
- russian social democrats under lenin as leader, communists
- Frederick the Great
- hollezollen, of prussia, attempts to end torture, fails- too many wars
- Second Estate
- nobility, people with a title
- socialism
- one classs, everyone is equal, states own all heavy manufacturing
- Battle of Castelificardo
- pope vs. garibaldi for papal state, pope loses
- John Calvin
- INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION: emphasized predestination and he rejected the medieval Church. he believed that the church and state should be united under the Calvinist faith
- Desiderius Erasmus
- religious philosopher who wrote satire, objected to silly catholic superstitions, famous for In Praise of Folly
- Habsburgs
- leading family in the Holy Roman Empire, ruled Austria
- imperialism
- A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.
- Thirty years war
- Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire ends with peace of westpahlia
- Charles I
- is the son of james, nice but stupid, creates the outbreak of english civil war
- Divine Comedy
- written by Dante Aligheri, Italian, writes satire
- Divine Right of Kings
- god gave kings the right to rule and kings are answerable only to God
- Treaty of Versailles
- Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.
- War of the Austrian Successon
- austria vs. prussia, prussia invades austria for silesia, prussia wins
- giuseppe Garibaldi
- liberal and democratic, invades papal states and gains them
- the hundred days
- from when napoleon left elba to when he was defeated in water loo
- European union
- an economic and political grouping of countries in Western Europe; EU; use the euro as currency
- Jesuits
- Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.
- justification by faith
- the belief that you are saved if you believe in Jesus.
- Directory
- all major decisions are made by a committee even though most are made by nobility
- taille
- tax
- Fascism
- a political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition
- Henry VIII
- English king that left the catholic church and started the Church of England
- protestant
- n. A Christian who denies the authority of the Pope and holds the right of special judgment.
- Axis powers and leaders
- Ital, Germany, Japan_ Benito Musilini, hirohito, hitler
- Nazi Germany
- the Nazi dictatorship under Hitler (1933-1945)
- communism
- working for the common good, creates monarchy,
- Catherine the Great
- of russia, absolutist, holds a national council for reform, does nothing
- liberalism
- embrace the values of democracy, don't support women' rights
- Treaty of Versailles
- A document signed at the end of World War I between the allies and Germany.
- allied powers and leaders
- ussr- Joseph stalin, england- Winston Churchhill, US- Franklin Roosevelt
- Napoleon III
- emperor of france, supports pope but wants to see austria weakened
- Bastille
- crowd frees prisoners
- Romanovs
- russian family that ruled prussia starting with peter the great
- Mary II
- she and her husband take over england and the throne in the glorious revolution and parliament passes the bill of rights
- Final Solution
- the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler
- congress of vienna
- an international conference to restore peace in europe: austria, russia, britain, france
- romanticism
- reaction to the trauma of the IR, feel deeply about everything
- Seven Years War
- austria wants silesia back, allies switch, prussia wins, france very weak
- Predestination
- previous determination as if by destiny or fate
- Peter the Great
- first ruler of romanav's in RUssia, very cruel, created petersburg
- Frans Haydn
- classis musician
- Humanism
- study of people
- Anglican Church
- the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs)
- The restoration
- after the english civil war, after protecorate, Charle Stuart II takes over
- sans- culottes
- lower middle class, skilled workers, merchants
- belgium
- neutral, allied with GB, if germany attacks through belgium, gb will attack
- Elba
- Napoleon was exiled to here and could control it
- sale of indulgences
- : people paying money to the Church to pay off time in purgatory for themselves or a loved one. On of the corruptions in the Catholic Church
- Trench Warfare
- very intense, nothing ever happens
- battles of stalingrad
- allies win, german army is forced to surrender (russia)
- Victor - Emmanuel
- liberal and democratic,king of sradinia, driving force of unification , proclaims the kingdom of Italy
- Wolfgang Mozart
- classis musician
- reign of terror
- assassination of most extreme phase, have a committee of public safety to persacute enemies of the republic p
- conservatism
- support strong monarchies, resistant to change, act like nobility
- Elizabeth I of England
- is anglican and makes anglicans solidly protestant, creates ES- makes cath illigal but doesn't enforce it
- coup d' état
- overthrew the Directory to establish the Consulate
- napoleon I
- French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)
- triple aliance
- Germany, Austria-hungary, Italy
- St. Helena
- nap. later forced here and where he had died
- Jean- Baptiste Colbert
- organizes economy of france, creates mercantilism, works for louis XVI
- industrial revolution
- transformation of europe and north america to create the manufacture of goods by heavy machinery
- national assambly
- 3rd estate saying they are in charge, have more peopl
- Versailles
- created by louis XIV, intended to intimidate
- James I
- st, - The son of Mary Queen of Scots, he succeeded the heirless Elizabeth I as the first Stuart king of England.
- Leanardo da Vinci
- One of the most famour artists in the Renaissance era. writer, scientist, and inventor (famous paintings: last supper and mona lisa)
- francis ferdinand
- His assassination was the starting point of the war, duke of Austria
- BO Midway
- in pacific, us wins against japan
- Prussia
- important german state, (protestant)
- Calvaliers
- absolutist, anglican, with king
- Warsaw pact
- treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania
- Spanish Armada
- attempt by catholic spain to conquer protestant england, england wins and is claimed protestant
- Royal Absolutism
- king has absolute and undivided power
- Peace of Augsburg
- agreement between catholics and protestants to divide germany into 2 religious areas
- Woodrow Wilson
- us president, writes the fourteen points, on how to make peace
- western front
- In WWI, the region of Northern France where the forces of the Allies and the Central Powers battled each other.
- Triple entente
- Britain, France, Russia
- russian campaign
- russia invaded france while napoleon was ruling
- Third estate
- everybody else
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO]
- an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries
- Francisco Petrarch
- believes the best way to know god is to study people
- cold war
- A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted eachother on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.
- Enlightenment
- change in science and thinking, more logic than religion, has many discoveries= church unhappy
- Michelangelo Buonarotti
- a famous painter and sculpter during the reniassance that expressed human emotions such as anger , sorrow, and strength in his paintings and sculptures. His most famous work is a mural on the ceiling of the Cistine Chapel in the vativan Palace in Rome. It cover 6000 sq. ft. and is made up of 145 seperate paintings
- Canterbury tales
- written after 1387 by Geoffrey Chaucer, English, writes satire
- Otto von Bismark
- hired to unify Germany by will I (prussia)
- Roundheads
- parliament, puritan