Study Guide C18 Natelborg
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- Edict of Nantes
- made the Catholic Church the official church of France but gave Huguenots freedom to practice their own religion
- Philip II
- set up Inquisition in the Netherlands
- theocracy
- government run by religious leaders
- Martin Luther
- Monk who nailed his 95 Theses (a list of his complaints about the abuses of the church) to the door of a cathedral and began the Protestant reformation
- Henry IV
- Henry of Navarre
- Italy
- area that retained Catholic faith even after the spread of Protestantism
- Middle Ages
- period when small armies supplied by lords fought wars
- William of Orange
- Dutch prince
- Henry IV
- Huguenot military leader who became Catholic
- William Tyndale
- printed an English translation of the New Testament of the Bible
- Geneva
- city where Calvinist church members elected their own leaders
- Henry VIII
- king of England
- Pope
- the head of the Roman Catholic Church
- annulment
- the formal declaration that annuls the marriage
- federalism
- a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
- Edict of Nantes
- proclaimed by Henry in 1598
- Glorious Revolution
- event where the king of England was replaced by his daughter and son-in-law to stop him from converted England to Catholicism
- Peace of Westphalia
- ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and allowed people to privately practice their own religion
- Calvin and Luther
- two people who emphasized reading the Bible personally
- Parliament
- the body that formed the Church of England for the king
- John Calvin
- studied to be a priest in the Roman Catholic Church but had a sudden conversion
- Martin Luther
- often called the person who launched the Reformation
- Counter-Reformation
- a movement to stop the spread of Protestantism
- Prague
- a city in what is now the Czech Republic
- Henry VIII
- caused Protestant reformers to be burned or forced out of England
- Wittenberg
- church where Martin Luther displayed the 95 theses
- Diet of Worms
- tried Martin Luther
- William Tyndale
- tried for heresy and put to death
- Northern Germany
- part of Germany that was mostly Protestant
- Martin Luther
- person who was caught in a severe thunderstorm
- Henry VIII
- wrote a book criticizing Luther's ideas
- Ignatius Loyola
- Born in northern Spain in 1491
- Council of Trent
- Catholic leaders sought ways to revive moral authority of the Catholic Church and stop the spread of Protestantism
- Diet of Worms
- ordered Martin Luther to take back criticism of the Church
- indulgence
- pardons for sins from the church
- Thesis 37
- says salvation is a free gift from God
- Huguenots
- group of people who put posters all over Paris denouncing the Catholic Church
- Prague
- city where the Holy Roman Emperor fought against Protestants
- Magna Carta
- influenced the English Bill of Rights
- Reformation
- a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
- northern Netherlands
- area that became a Calvinist country after rebelling against Spanish rule
- Inquisition
- tortured people before killing them
- John Calvin
- regarded Bible as the sole source of religious truth
- Martin Luther
- a German monk who challenged the Catholic Church
- Inquisition
- a former tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church (1232-1820) created to discover and suppress heresy
- Henry IV
- rightful heir to the French throne but Protestant
- Geneva
- city in Switzerland that John Calvin reformed
- John Althusius
- thought his city should be free to rule itself
- Southern Germany
- part of Germany that was mostly Catholic
- Philip II
- used the Inquisition against Protestants in the Netherlands
- divine right of kings
- god gave kings the right to rule and kings are answerable only to God
- John Calvin
- born in France in 1509
- Martin Luther
- saw church abuses in Rome in 1510
- Inquisition
- court to try people suspected of heresy
- Thirty Years' War
- war that weakened political power of the pope
- Catherine of Aragon
- Queen of England that could not produce a male heir for Henry VIII
- Philip II
- financed troops to fight in Europe against Protestants
- Henry IV
- converted to Catholicism in 1593 and ended the civil wars
- Martin Luther
- repulsed at indulgences
- edict
- official public order made by a king or another authority
- Martin Luther
- German Monk
- John Calvin
- believed salvation was gained through faith alone, like Luther
- constitutional monarchy
- monarch's power is limited by laws, or constitution
- Federalist ideas
- influenced the Constitution of the United States
- Treaty of Westphalia
- declared null, void, invalid by the pope
- St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
- 1572: Paris: 3,000 Huguenots were killed
- John Calvin
- helped reform Geneva, Switzerland
- Loyola
- Established the Society of Jesus (Jesuits).
- Louis XIV
- exerted power everywhere
- catholic
- a member of a Catholic church
- John Althusius
- influenced by Calvin's idea that churches should be subject to God's law alone
- predestination
- idea that God determines man's salvation before birth
- Anne Boleyn
- woman who Henry VIII married in 1533 without the pope's approval
- Peace of Augsburg
- allowed German princes to decide what religion to follow
- John Althusius
- the first person to write about federalism
- Act of Supremacy
- 1534: Made the king the leader of the Church of England
- John Calvin
- published The Institutes of Christian Religion in 1536
- catholic
- universal
- Mary
- married William; agreed to accept English Bill of Rights
- Huguenots
- French Protestants
- Bible
- book that William Tyndale translated into English
- Jesuits
- Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.
- Peace of Augsburg
- ended a war but did not bring religious unity to Germany
- Jesuits
- group of people who made important contributions to eduction
- Louis XIV
- reversed earlier policy and closed Protestant churches
- Jesuits
- helped the sick in hospitals and served the poor
- Edict of Nantes
- gave Huguenots freedom to worship
- absolute monarchy
- a monarchy in which the ruler's power is unlimited (32)
- Ignatius Loyola
- injured in battle and inspired during recovery to lead a religious life
- Protestants
- a group of people who promoted political participation
- Philip II
- Catholic ruler of Spain
- Philip II
- lost control of northern Netherlands, which became Calvinist
- 95 Theses
- list of arguments that challenged Church authority
- Louis XIV
- powerful leader in France
- Germany
- soldiers fought their way across this country, burning towns and farms and stealing from villagers
- armada
- fleet of warships
- Henry VIII
- wanted the pope to annul his marriage to Catherine
- John Calvin
- believed in predestination
- Ignatius Loyola
- studied in Paris
- Holy Roman Emperor
- Denmark, France, and Sweden sent troops to fight this person
- William
- married Mary; agreed to accept English Bill of Rights
- William and Mary
- two people who landed in England in 1688 with 15,000 soldiers to take over the throne
- Philip II
- fought a war with the Dutch in the Netherlands for 75 years
- Philip II
- helped the Counter-Reformation
- Louis XIV
- appointed town and Church officials, even the chief of police in Paris
- Salvation
- to be saved from sin and allowed to enter heaven
- John Calvin
- one of the most influential new Portestant leaders