Chapter 9 - Ancient Rome
Terms
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- dictator
- a ruler who has absolute power
- census
- a periodic count of all the people living in a country, city, or other region
- elevation
- height above sea level
- Twelve Tables
- the earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450 B.C. that became the foundation of Roman law
- Bethlehem
- a small town south of Jerusalem where Jesus said to have been born
- Gaul
- an ancient region and Roman province that included most of present-day France
- apostle
- one of the 12 clostest followers of Jesus, chosen by him to help him teach
- Carthage
- an ancient city on the north coast of Africa
- Paul
- followers of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world
- Constantine
- Roman emperor who founded Constanople as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire
- Jesus
- Religious leader and founder of Christianity
- Nazareth
- a small town in northern Judea where according to the New Testament, Jews grew up
- Senate
- the lawmaking body and most powerful branch of government in ancient Rome's Republic
- Livy
- Historian of the Roman Republic who wrote about the struggle between plebians and patricians of Rome
- Diocletian
- Roman emperor who divided the empire in two and oversaw the eastern part
- Tiber River
- a river flowing southward from north-central Italy across the Latium plain, and into the Tyrrhenian Sea
- Zana
- site in Northern Africa where the Roman army defeated the Carthagenians army in 202 B.C
- Rome
- the former center of both the ancient Roman Republic and the Roman empire; capital of present-day Italy
- Forum
- the city market and meeting place in the center of Ancient Rome
- Scipico
- Roman general who defeated Hannibal in the Battle of Zana outside Carthage, North Africa
- Julius Caesar
- Roman general who became the republic's dictator
- Augustus
- first Roman emperor; won the civil war following Julius Caesar's assassination and went on to unify the empire and establish the Pax Romana
- patrician
- a member of the noble families who controlled all power in the early years of the Roman Republic
- Messiah
- a special leader the Jewish people believed will be sent by God to guide them and set up God's rule on Earth. Christians believed Jesus to be the Messiah
- plebeian
- a common farmer, trader, or craftworker in ancient Rome
- Hannibal
- general of Carthage who marched his army from Spain to Rome in the Second Punic War
- Parthenon
- a large, domed temple built in ancient Rome to honor many gods and godessess
- architecture
- the science of planning and constructing buildings
- Pax Romana
- a period of peace for the Roman Empire that began with the rule of Augustus in about 27 B.C. and lasted around 200 years
- pope
- the bishop, or church leader of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church
- parable
- a simple story that contains a message or truth
- tribune
- elected leaders of ancient Rome who represented the interests of the plebeians
- Roman Cathoticism
- a branch of Christianity that developed in the western Roman empire and that recognized the Pope as its supreme head
- Colosseum
- a large stadium in ancient Rome where athletic events took place
- representative
- a person who is elected by citizens to speak or act for them
- New Testament
- the second part of the Christian bible containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and of his early followers
- Sicily
- an island in the Mediteranean Sea off the soutwest tip of the Italian peninsula
- Apennine Mountains
- a mountain range on the Italian peninsula
- bishop
- a church official who leads a large group of Christians in a particular
- Christianity
- a religon based on the teachings of Jesus, as recorded in the New Testament
- Palestine
- Region in southern Asia that became the ancient home of the Jews; the ancient Roman name for Judea; in recent time times the British protertorate that became Isreal in 1947
- Alps
- Europe's highest mountain extending in an arc from the Mediteranean coast to the Balkan peninsula
- Punic Wars
- a series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage in the 200s B.C. ending in a victory of Rome
- republic
- a form of government in which citizens elect representatives to speak or act for them
- gladiator
- a Roman athlete, usually a slave, criminal, or prisiner of war who was forced to fight for the entertainment for the public
- Judea
- the land in the eastern Mediteranean region populated by Jews at the time of the Roman empire
- Byzantine empire
- the name by which the eastern half if the Roman empire became known some time after A.D. 400
- Pompeii
- an ancient city in southwest Italy that was buried by the eruption of Mount Veuvius in A.D.
- Eastern Orthadox Christianity
- a branch of Christianity that developed in the Byzantim Empire and that did not recognize the pope as its supreme leader
- civil war
- an armed conflict between goups within one country
- consul
- one of two elected officials of the Roman Republic who commanded the army and were supreme judges
- Peter
- one of the 12 apostles of Jesus; Roman Catgolics consider him to the first pope, or bishop of Rome
- Contantinople
- a city established as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire by the emperor Constantine in A.D. 330 now called Istanbul
- Cleopatra
- ruler of the Egyptian government in Alexandria who lacked Caesar in the civil war he waged from 49-45 B.C.
- profile
- in geography, a map showing a cross-section of a land surface
- Latium
- a plain on the west coast of Italy on which the city of Rome was built
- aqueduct
- a high, arched structure built to carry water over long distances