World History - Unit 3
Terms
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- Allah
- the concept of belief in one God
- Muhammad
- born into a powerful Meccan family. He became a trader and business manager for Khadijah.
- Islam
- a monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in the seventh century A.D.
- Muslim
- a follower of Islam
- Quran
- the holy book of Islam
- Umayyads
- a dynasty that ruled the Muslim Empire from A.D. 661 to 750 and later established a kingdom in al-Andalus
- Icon
- a religious image used by eastern Christians
- Schism
- split
- Czar
- the Russian verstion of Caesar
- Mamelukes
- Turkish military slaves who became a powerful in the Abbasid Empire
- Seljuks
- one of the first migrating Turkish groups
- Malik Shah
- the most famous of Seljuk sultans
- Tang Taizong
- Tang emperor who began brilliant achievements
- Movable type
- blocks of metal or wood that can be arranged to make up a page for printing
- Pastoralist
- a member of a nomadic group that herds domesticated animals
- Genghis Khan
- Temujin accepted this title that meant "universal ruler" of the Mongol clans
- Kublai Khan
- a China emperor who found a new dynasty called the Yuan Dynasty
- Marco Polo
- a young Venetian trader
- Shinto
- the native religion of Japan
- Samurai
- one of the professional warriors who served Japanese feudal lords
- Bushido
- the strict code of behavior followed by samurai warriors in Japan
- Shogun
- in feudal Japan, a supreme military commander who ruled in the name of the emperor
- Khmer Empire
- a Southeast Asian empire, centered in what now is Cambodia, that reached its peak of power around A.D. 1200
- Koryu Dynasty
- a dynasty that ruled Korea from A.D. 935 to 1392
- Middle Ages
- the era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire last from about 500 to 1500 - also called the medieval period
- Franks
- a Germanic people who settled in the Roman province of Gaul and established a great empire during the Middle Ages
- Monastery
- a religious community of men who have given up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship
- Secular
- concerned with worldy rather than spiritual leaders
- Charlemagne
- Pepin the Short's son who gained control after his death. Also known as "Charles the Great"
- Lord
- in feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals
- Fief
- an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe
- Vassal
- in feudal Eruope, a person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services
- Knight
- in medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback
- Serf
- a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate
- Manor
- a lord's estate in feudal Europe
- Chivalry
- a code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion
- Tournament
- a mock battle between groups of knights
- Holy Roman Empire
- an empire established in Europe in the 10th century A.D., originally consisting of mainly lands which is now Germany and Italy
- Canon Law
- the body of laws governing the religious practices of a Christian church
- Crusade
- one of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land from the Muslims
- Richard the Lion-Hearted
- English king who mounted a siege on the city of Acre
- Urban II
- after reading a letter from a Byzantine emperor, this pope issued a call for the first crusade
- Saladin
- the Muslim leader during the fall of Jerusalem
- Inquisition
- a Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of the heresy
- Vernacular
- the everyday language of people in a region or country
- William the Conquerer
- an invader also known as duke of Normandy
- Henry II
- English king who married Elanor of Aquitaine
- Magna Carta
- a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, drawn up by nobles and approved by King John
- Parliment
- a body of representatives that makes laws for a nation
- Great Schism
- a division in the medieval Roman Catholic Church, during which rival popes were established in Avignon and in Rome
- John Wycliffe
- an Englishman that preached that Jesus Christ was the true head of the Church
- Bubonic Plague
- a deadly disease that nearly one-thirsd of the population in Europe died of
- Hundred Years' War
- a conflict in which England and France battled on French soil on and off from 1337 to 1453
- Joan of Arc
- teenage french peasant girl who felt moved by God to rescue France from its English conquerors