2nd Semester History Exam
Terms
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- a class of powerful, well to do people who enjoy a high social status
- gentry
- a member of a monadic group that herds domesticated animals
- Pastoralist
- a group of people descended from a common ancestor
- Clans
- universal ruler of the Mongol clans
- Genghis Khan
- most famous european venetian trader to visit china
- Marco Polo
- one of the professional warriores who served Japanese feudal lords
- Samurai
- in feudal Japan, a supreme military commander who ruled in the name of the emperor
- Shogun
- the era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500 also called the medival period
- Middle Ages
- worldly
- Secular
- Charles the Great
- Charlemagne
- a family's payment of one-tenth of income to a church.
- Tithe
- a medival poet and musician who traveled from place to place, entertaining people with songs of courtly love
- Troubadour
- one of the Christian ceremonies in which God's grace is transmitted to people
- Sacrament
- the body of laws governing the religious practices of a Christian church
- Canon Law
- A person who holds controversial opinions, especially one who publicly dissents from the officially accepted dogma of the Roman Catholic Church.
- Heretic
- the taking away of a person's right of membership in a christian church
- excommunication
- pope who issued a call for a holy war, a Crusade, to gain control of the holy land
- Urban II
- one of the expeditions in which medival Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land from the Muslims
- Crusade
- a roman catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy--especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s.
- Inquisition
- a medieval association of people working at the same occupation which controlled its members wages and prices
- Guild
- the everyday language of people in a region or country.
- Vernacular
- "Great Charter"--a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, drawn up by nobles and approved by King John in A.D. 1215
- Magna Carta
- a division in the medieval Roman catholic Church, during which rival popes were established in Avignon and in Rome.
- Great Schism
- relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the father.
- Patrilineal
- relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother
- Matrilineal
- Arabic-influenced Bantu language that is used widely in eastern and central Africa
- Swahili
- a hard, glassy volcanic rock used by early peoples to make sharp weapons
- Obsidian
- a period of European history, lasting from about 1300-1600 during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world
- Renaissance
- a true "REnaissance man" painter, sculptor, and scientist. Painted the Mona Lisa, and a religious painting the Last Supper.
- Leonardo da Vinci
- painter, sculptor, poet, and architect. He designed the St. Peter's Basilica, painted the Sistine Chapel celing, and sculpted the Statue David.
- Michelangelo
- an imaginary land described by Thomas Moore in his book Utopia
- Utopia
- a 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope’s authority
- Reformation
- a monk who wrote 95 Theses (formal statements) and tacked them to the castle door. Began Reformation
- Martin Luther
- to cancel or put an end to
- annul
- a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation
- Protestant
- King of England, had many wives. Strong Roman Catholic who attacked Martin Luther’s teachings.
- Henry VIII
- the doctrine that god has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved
- predestination
- a government in which the ruler is viewed as a devine figure
- theocracy
- members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
- Jesuits
- a person who supports artists, especially
- patron
- reinvented the movable type; craftsman
- Johann Gutenberg
- a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin
- Indulgences
- a member of an elite force of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire
- janissary
- a beautiful tomb in Agra, India built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Hahal
- Taj Mahal