Religion Final Flashcards
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- At first the community of disciples was called
- the Way
- For christians, pentecost is often called
- the birthday of the church
- initially, the gentiles in Antioch did not join the Way because
- they felt that Jewish Law was too hard to follow
- The essential criterion for Christians is and was
- belief in Jesus Christ
- Antioch provides a solid example of a truly "catholic" community because it
- was inclusive in its welcome to jews and gentiles
- Church history began with
- the disciples' personal experience of Jesus
- Paul wrote the letters during his
- second missionary journey
- the disciples of jesus spread the Good News that
- Jesus had been raised from the dead, was the long awaited Messiah, and was sent from God.
- The church as an Institution means that it
- has organized structures and roles to carry out its ministry
- Paul wrote his letters in order to
- give advice, instruction, and show concern
- name means rock
- Peter
- supreme council of the jews
- Sanhedrin
- Place where Jewish temple was located
- Jerusalem
- Gathering that settled the controversy about requirements for converts to Christianity
- Council of Jerusalem
- First large community of Jews and Gentiles
- Antioch
- Followers associated most closely with Jesus
- Apostles
- First Christian Martyr
- Stephen
- Non-Jews
- Gentiles
- Closely associated with the community of Antioch; also Paul's traveling companion
- Barnabas
- Probable place of Peter and Paul's martyrdoms
- Rome
- The silversmiths and magicians drove Paul away from this town
- Ephesus
- Greek city and birthplace of democracy
- Athens
- T/F Paul traveled with Barnabas on his second missionary journey.
- false
- T/F Early Christians met in churches to celebrate the Eucharist
- False
- T/F Paul was in his fifties when he undertook his third and last missionary journey
- True
- T/F Scholars are sure of the method in which Peter and Paul died
- False
- T/F The word gospel means good news
- True
- T/F The word canon means law or guidance.
- False
- T/F The Gospel of Mark was the first one written.
- True
- T/F During Paul's time only a small minority could read and write
- True
- T/F The word church means assembly
- True
- T/F The books that make up the Christian testament were written in the the third century.
- False
- The philosopher who awakened Augustine to his spiritual side was
- Plato
- The Roman Empire's intolerance of christianity occured partially because
- the empire faced severe threats from the barbarians invading from the north
- Christians were regarded as disloyal citizens beause of their refusal to
- offer sacrifices to Roman gods
- A belief that is contrary to an essential belief of Christianity is called
- a heresy
- Many christians sought a life of solitude in the fourth century because
- they were searching for a type of authentic Christianity they did not find in their present life
- The second-century church grew and developed as it experienced
- hostility from outside and conflict from within
- the establishment of communities of monks and nuns developed because
- a common rule and guidance in their path to god
- Monasteries became places of hospitality and service, but their primary work was
- seeking God through the silence of prayer
- Challenges to Christian belief
- helped Christians clarify their own belief
- Jerome and Augustine both
- established monasteries, converted to Christianity, and were serious scholars
- Though Ambrose became a bishop and scholar, he was first a
- lawyer and govenor
- The most influential people in Augustine's conversion were
- Monica his mother and Ambrose
- As a manichean, Augustine believed that
- humans were not responsible for their sinful actions
- Augustines writings influenced Christian theology of
- original sin and grace
- Against the Donatist heresy, Augustine taught that
- the validity of the seven sacrements came through God through the ministry of the priest
- The two orders taht evolved first in the church were
- deacon and bishop
- Persecuted Christians in a consistent, efficient manner
- Diocletian
- Claimed a great military victory in the name of Christ, son of God
- Constantine
- Bishop who was taken to Rome to face his martyrdom
- Ignatius of Antioch
- Made Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire
- Theodosius
- "Supervisor"
- bishop
- Augustines autobiography
- The Confessions
- Latin version of the bible
- Latin Vulgate
- Decided to form religious communities to improve monastic life
- basil
- alone or single
- monos
- granted freedom of worship to Christians in the HRE
- Edict of Milan.
- T/F Initially, bishops headed single, relatively small churches
- True
- T/F Byzantium, or new rome, was eventually named constantinople
- True
- T/F Thomas Merton's long conversion experience was similar to Augustine's.
- False
- T/F The Nicene Creed has been an important definition of membership in the Catholic church for over 1600 years
- True
- T/F Basil thought that communal life should be complicated
- False
- The influence and power of Pope Leo I was clear when
- he represented Rome in dealing with Atila the Hun and Vandals
- The Council of Chalcedon declared that
- Jesus is a real human and the real son of God
- Pope Leo I objected to the rising primacy of the patriarch of C because
- he thought this promotion was politically motivated
- The conflict with the Eastern Chruch at constantinople would eventually lead to
- a complete separation between the churches of east and west
- the peoples dependence on god was balanced by
- their awareness of the power of the devil
- the Eucharistic celebration of the mass in the Eastern church
- emphasized the sense of mystersy surrounding the sacrament
- In the sixth century, typically the sacrament of reconciliation was
- performed in public
- the term Mass is derived from
- the latin term Missa, used in the farewell that ended the celebartion
- the following describes theodoric:
- western, goth, arian
- the frankish lands were acquired and consolidated under the leadership of
- Clovis
- Justinian is best known for
- the reform of civil law
- The great church rebuilt by Justin
- Hagia Sophia
- After patrick became bishop,
- he returned to ireland to preach the Good News
- Gregory is often credited with
- gathering and establishing the liturgical music tradition of the western church
- The central belief of islam is
- that there is one god and allah is his name
- king of the franks
- clovis
- highest bridge maker
- pontifex maximus
- belief that jesus is both God and man
- incarnation
- king of the goths
- theodoric
- basis of European law
- Justinian code
- responsible for the double monastery, kildare
- Brigid
- Benedicts famous monastery
- monte cassino
- a beautiful haunting style
- Gregorian chant
- founder of Islam
- Muhammed
- submission to god
- islam
- islamic scriptures
- koran
- a kind of prime minister of gaul, mayor of the palace
- Charles Martel
- ruler of the byzantine empire from 527-565
- Justinian
- stronger in the east
- state
- stronger in the west
- church
- T/F The strong reign of Justinian in the east made it possible for easern church to reach its highest influence in that region
- True
- T/F Because Arianism was condemned at the Council of Nicea, it was no longer a threat to catholics by the fifth century
- False
- T/F Monasteries served as centers of stability during the disintegration of the West
- True
- T/F The Justinian code was so innovative that it did not succeed as a law code
- False
- Compared with the western emperors during the dark ages, the eastern emperors seemed strong
- true
- The courage and rugged energy of Boniface is exemplified in
- his willingness to expose paganism and fear, confrontation with an immoral tribal king, return to missionary to place of earlier failure
- Boniface's crowning of Pepin as king of the franks was a sign of
- the accepted close relationship between church and rulers of that time
- To this day, Venerable Bede is remembered as
- a great historian of the English people
- The centers of scholarship and learning during the upheaval in the West were
- monasteries
- As a ruler over the papal states, the pope
- had to turn his attention to material and territorial issues and conflicts
- Charlemange saw forced conversion as a way to
- strenthen his kingdom and increase church membership
- the pop accepted charlemange's direction and orders because
- the papal states depended on his power and protection
- The breakup of the empire of Charlemange was caused in part by inneffective leadership and in part by
- the invasion of the Vikings
- Feudalism replaced centralized gov't because
- the empire was unable to provide order and security for its subjects
- The missionaries Cyril and Methodius eventually converted the Slavs to Christianity when they
- translated the Gospels into the Slavic language
- Vladmir I or Russia followed the accepted practice of his era when he
- took on the task of choosing a religion for his people
- In an effort to understand the known religions of his people, Vladmir I
- conversed with Christians, Muslims and Jews
- Rich Roman families influenced the church in Rome by
- using their power to influence the election of the pope and control of the church's affairs
- the monastery at cluny was unusual because it was
- free of the influence of feudal lords.
- T/F Boniface's first and last missionary work took place in the netherlands
- True
- T/F Though Boniface was dedicated to preaching the word of God, he was most proud of crowning charlegmane king of the franks
- False
- T/F Bede is given the title venerable to show that he is deserving of respect and veneration
- True
- T/F Bedes greatest contribution is his history of the Franks
- False
- T/F The Papal states were created in 756 when Charlemagne contributed land to the pope
- False
- T/F Serfs worked for a negotiable living wage
- False
- T/F In the feudal system, power was concentrated at the top
- True
- T/F The creation of the Cyrillic alphabet was decisive in converting the Slavic people to Christianity
- True
- T/F Vladmir I chose to be baptized into the Byzantine Chruch
- True
- T/F The buying and selling of church offices or positions is called simony
- True
- Apostle of Germany
- Boniface
- Deposed of Pope John XII
- King Otto I
- Sea Rovers
- Vikings
- Was the Historian-monk
- bede
- Crowned Charlemagne "emperor of the romans"
- Pope Leo III
- Pepin's father
- Charles Martel
- One who pledged loyalty to a higher lord or overlord
- vassals
- crowned king of Hungary by the pope
- Stephen I
- Monastery that served as the center for church reform
- Cluny
- Top of the feudalism pyramid
- king
- Towns began to be established as a result of
- the increase in agricultural production and population increases
- Guilds were developed to
- prepare and support their workers and improve workmanship
- The Concordat of Worms
- resovled that all bishopws would be elected and consecrated by church authority
- medieval cathedrals provided space for
- priests and monks to sing/recite the divine office, great numbers of people, a meeting and hiring place for guilds
- the fundamental issue that finally separated the East and West churches was
- the authority of the pope
- The failure of nonviolent means to convert the Alibgensians led to the more agressive and violent
- Papal inquisition
- The mendicant orders differed from other religious orders in that they
- moved among the people in towns and the countryside
- The Franciscans attempted to carry out Francis' expample of
- poverty and simplicity of life
- The essential elements of the first universities were
- a learned teacher and students
- The first universities depended on lectures, memorization, and oral tests because
- paper and books were expensive and scarce
- T/F Pope Gregory VII instituted many necessary church reforms
- True
- T/F The eastern church spoke greek, the western latin.
- True
- T/F From strong guilds a new class of free citizens evolved in Europe
- True
- T/F Though the crusades were a moral failure, they opened Europe to the culture of the Far East
- True
- T/F Mendicant orders were distinguished by their poverty and simplicity
- True
- T/F Mendicant means forgiver
- False
- T/F During the middle ages, cathedrals and universities were created
- True
- T/F History locates 1054 as the year of the split b/w Eastern and Western churches
- True
- T/F Pilgirimages to the holy land were often an important part of Christain life in the middle ages
- True
- T/F the Albigensians saw all material things as good
- False
- T/F The midle ages were distinguisehed by the growth of towns and cities and increasing power of kings
- True
- T/F Typically, the Arabians were persecuted for succeeding in banking practices closed to christians
- False
- T/F since 962, the french rulers considered themselves emperors of the HRE
- False
- T/F Unlike the first college of cardinals, todays college represents Cardinals from around the world
- True
- T/F The area in cathedrals set aside to accomadate large numbers of people is called the chancel.
- False
- T/F The children's crusade ended in the enslavement of many children
- True
- T/F The most influential theologian during the middle ages was thomas aquinas
- True
- forerunners of trade unions
- guilds
- T/F Four major peace piligrimages were undertaken over the span of 200 years in the middle ages
- False
- T/F from the beginning, cathedrals were independent from the control of local bishops and peace
- False
- founded in 1098 as a reformed offshoot of the Benedictines
- Cistercians
- the most powerful of the medieval popes
- Pope Innocent III
- not marrying
- celibacy
- also known as Hildebrand
- Gregory VII
- series of psalms and prayers organized for use during the liturgical season
- Divine Office
- patriarch of Constantinople; publicly delcared that the two churches could not be in union
- Michael Cerularius
- responsible for calling the first crusade
- Pope Urban II
- their heresy saw all material things, including the human body, as bad
- Albigensians
- begun the Papal inquisition
- Pope Gregory IX
- founded the order of the preachers
- Dominic de Guzman
- founded the Friars Minor
- Francis of Assisi
- central points for people's lives and work
- Cathedrals