First Unknowns

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ethnocentricity: belief in the superiority of one's ethnic group
Xanadu: Yuan capital
Chaing Kai Shek: heads Chunking government, fled to Taiwan in 1949, took control of Guomindang (Nationalists) after Sun Yat-Sen, Confucian scholar, "the general," cash my check, during WWII was in Chunking with the KMT getting bombed by the Japanese, saved by the flying tigers
Ching (Manchu): China becomes sick man of Asia, calm before the storm
Loyang: Han capital
pillow book: Sei Shonagon, competed with Murasaki, events in court
Shantung Peninsula: become Japanese claim after WWI infuriating China, German claim until Treaty of Versailles
Tatu: Yuan capital
Red Army: the people in the Long March who went to Yenan, Mao's army who fought against the KMT, fought in civil war
queue: worn by Chinese as a symbol of subjugation, Ching
Kyoto: Heian capital
flying tigers: fly into Chunking and save KMT
Tu Fu: Tang dynasty, Confucianist, poet
Yuan (Mongol): Romance of the Three Kingdoms novel, great drama, visited by Marco Polo, first foreign dynasty, universal empire, Cathay, failed in conquest of Japan
Macao: first colony claimed by foreigner in China and last to give back land in 1999
Li Po: 1 Taoist poet, author, or writer
Legalism: two handles (punishment and praise)
daluan: chaos
Taoism: know your enemy
21 demands: Japan writes demands to China that results in Japan getting the Shantung peninsula
Cathay, Chung Kuo, center of universe: many names for China
weights and measures, relocation of wealthy families, coins, writing: 4 standardizations of Chin Shih Huang Ti
Oda, Hideyoshi, Tokugawa: 3 unifiers
Taika Reforms: instituted by Prince Shotoku in 7th century, many ideas that were Chinese, movement towards change, capital city and oppressed women
ginseng (healing root), ceramics, porcelain, tea, silk: 5 items Europeans wanted to trade with China
Yamato Uji: Shotoku was a member, claim to fame through emperor
England gets Hong Kong, extraterritoriality for England, opium legalized: conditions of Treaty of Nanking after Opium Wars
Yuan Shih Kai: wanted new dynasty, Boxer rebellion general, serves as compromise president, non-democratic ambitions, non-violent
Taro Aso: prime minister of Japan (ah, really)
Nanking: capital of China under KMT from 1912-1937, site of unbelievable Japanese atrocities in the 1937 attack
Deng Xiao Ping: Tien An Men massacre, color of the cat, one child policy, tries to kill all the dogs
Japan gets Taiwan (Formosa) and Pescadores and huge indemnity, west pressures Japan to give back Liaotung Peninsula, Korea declared "independent": conditions of Treaty of Shimonoseki after Sino Japanese War 1895
Wu Hu: Tang dynasty, extraordinary empress, female leader, China's only empress and a former concubine of the Tang
fa: harsh and important law in legalism
older brother and younger brother, ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, friend and friend: 5 relationships in a Confucian society
arcery, horsemanship, zen, swordsmanship, haiku: 5 arts of the samurai
Kamakura: Kamakura capital
let 100 flowers bloom: Mao, how am I leading, learns that people are still hungry, gets meaner, leads to Great Leap Forward, mistake on Mao's part
Thailand: only land not colonized in imperial phase
Nara: Nara capital
opium, rebellions, corrupt leadership: reasons China "sick man of Asia" in 19th century
kana: writing (hira for women and kana for men), confusing, cumbersome, devil's language (Xavier)
Kamakura: established tent government (Bakufu)
Amaterasu: sun goddess in Japanese mythology, that which illuminates heaven, mother of the first emperor Jimmu Tenno, goes into a cave and lured out by mirror, brother of darkness and wet god, son becomes emperor in 660 BC
warriors/daimyo, merchants: Japan social classes
Boxer Rebellion, flying tigers, open door policy kept China from being sliced up: times US appeared to be a friend and hero to China
Confucianism: the superior man blames himself, the inferior man blames others
moral leaders, social mobility, stability: 3 positive things about the examination system
Minamoto No Yoritomo: Kamakura founder and first shogunate, twin brother with Yoshituni, he was the mean one, dresses up as a beggar, establishes Bakufu in 1185
1603: year of the fierce Battle of Sekigahara
Taoism: the strong are inferior
codification of laws: under Chin Shih Huang Ti, code of laws, in Japan under Prince Shotoku in Taika Reforms
Chang'an: Tang capital
location in Yenan, united under Mao, no foreign $: reasons CCP beat KMT in 1949
Triple Intervention: after Sino Japanese war and the awarding of concessions to Japan, Russia and Germany and France convince Japan to give back the Liaotung Peninsula, where Russia promptly builds a connecting rail line to Vladivostok, infuriating and humiliating Japan, a cause of Russo-Japanese war, tricks Japan into giving back Liaotung Peninsula
geomancy: art of believing the earth has its own spirit, connect energy of the earth with you, like feng shui, affinity with nature
Confucianism: govern the state with correctness
irredenta: a region related ethically or historically to one country but controlled by another
Emperor Go Daigo: attempts to regain power for military family, almost succeeds but not quite, during a time of extreme emperor decadence, the exception
Tamer Lane: southwestern Khanate, descendent of Mongols, threatened Tang, Yuan (Mongols) dynasty, Tamerlane, Timer the Lame, goes into India
palanquin: taxi, fancy stretcher for emperors, carried by people, great litter carried on poles, confining
Xian: Chin capital
Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching author
Tale of Genji: Murasaki, soap opera, first novel, competed with Sei Shonagan, shining prince, prince Genji
Daibatsu: great Buddha, great statue at Kamakura
water, metal, wood, fire, earth: 5 elements in a Chinese universe
sphere of influence, concession, colony, puppet state, protectorate: 5 types of imperialistic control
rectification of names: act accordingly to your social position or name, let kings be kings
treaty of Nanking, gave England to Hong Kong, extraterritoriality for England: results of Opium Wars
Sun Tzu: Chou dynasty, Taoist, "Art of War"
Confucianism: the nail that stands up gets hammered down
Legalism: should a subject commit a crime, the community must suffer the consequence
Akihito: current emperor of Japan, supposedly 126th in a line from Jimmu Tenno
Chou: longest dynasty, philosophical apex, time of turmoil produce men of genius, dust on the horizon
Taoism: he who stands on tiptoe falls down
reasons China "sick man of Asia" in 19th century: opium addiction widespread, international uprisings (Taiping), corrupt and incompotent, leadership, foreign domination, widespread starvation and poverty due to natural diasters, opium, rebellions, corrupt leadership
Matteo Ricci: Ming dynasty, establishment of Macao by the Portuguese, Jesuit missionary to China who learned Mandarin and was sinocized
100 days of reform: Emperor Guangxu takes control for a little over 100 days and made a lot of reforms, Dowager took him out of power before any good could come out of the reforms
Chosun: Korea, land of the morning calm
Sei Shonagon: pillow book, competed with Murasaki
Confucianism: do not do to others what you would not want done to you
Confucianism: making a mistake and not correcting it is making another mistake
Great Leap Forward: 1958 disastrous effort by Mao to "industrialize" and make iron in the back yard resulting in famine
Frances Xavier: Jesuit Christian missionary, ushered in the Christian Century to Japan
gohan: Japanese word for rice and money, rice is sacred and requires conformation and cooperation, payment, spiritually sacred, purification
farmer, soldier: 2 occupations valued in legalism
Wang An Shih: Sung dynasty, proposes reforms to simplify writing, land redistribution, women's rights, first communist, suggested to simplify the written language
1274/1282: two years of the failed Mongol attacks on Japan, destroyed by kamikaze (divine wind)
shogun: means "barbarian-quelling general," hereditary military ruler in Japan, feudal ruler
Lady Murasaki: Tale of Genji, famous diary keeper, competed with Sei Shonugan, scandalous, soap operas
land reform and redistribution, simplification of written language, more rights for women: 3 areas of reform suggested by Wang An Shih in the 8th century
Kublai Khan: served Court of Yuan, his memoirs tempted Europeans to "Cathay"
absolute loyalty, never surrender, never lose sword: 3 conditions of Samurai Bushido Code
Nihon: Japan, land of the rising sun
Bakufu: began in 1185, started with Minamoto as shogun, tent government, refers to when Japan moved from under and empire to a military leader, military government to tent government
Liaotung Peninsula: Triple Intervention focus, Japan gave back
Treaty of Aigun: drew border at Amur river, Russia earns respect
Confucianism: honor your parents, and make your brothers friends; this too is good government
1543: St. Francis Xavier (a Jesuit Christian missionary) arrives in Japan and later starts the Christian Century
Ming: bright, silk road closed, China for the Chinese, last Chinese dynasty, first encounter with the Portuguese in Macao
Edo: Tokugawa Shogunate capital
Tu Fu: Tang dynasty, Confucianist, poet
Yenan: limestone caves, Mao's headquarters
Sui: short reunification, second unification of China, short, legalistic, Grand Canal
Tu Fu: 1 Confucian writer, scholar, or poet
Mexican dollar: means of payment for exports during the Yuan dynasty
Pu Yi: Manchukuo, last emperor, three years old
Taoism: active non acting
Peking: Ming capital
Hung Xiu Kuan: "heavenly king," brother of Jesus, led Taiping Rebellion, aimed to overthrow Manchus
Confucianism: mandate of heaven
Taoism: abandon learning
660 BC: mythological reign of Emperor Jimmu-Tenno
syllabary: language with syllables as symbols
favored rich, officials become corrupt, no change in society: 3 negative things about the examination system
significance of Chinese writing: highest form of art, how you measure a leader
Chin: centralized, authoritarians, Nazis of china, queue worn by Chinese as symbol of subjugation, relocation of 12000 influential families, book burning
John Hay: pioneered the open-door policy and Panama canal, American, secretary of state, get to China and have equal trade
794: Japan's imperial government moved the capital from Nagaoka to Kyoto
Boxer Rebellion: 1900, two Germans murdered, Japan sends troops before Germany can get a boat in the water
coolies: workers from China on US railroads and gold rush
oracle bones: first writing in Shang period
wu wei: active non-acting
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: launched by Mao, gives red guards and closed schools and threw people into prison, Mao went crazy, 1966-1967, close schools, anti-foreign, book burning, Red Guards like Hitler youth for Mao, destroyed graves, more equal distribution of land and jobs and education, women's equality
hegemony: dominance by one area over another
ronin: wandering samurai with no lord or master, dangerous, masterless, has nothing to lose
Taoism: govern the land as you would cook a small fish
red turbans: members in an uprising in the Yuan dynasty by the White Lotus Society
Buddhism, role of women, Confucian ethic, arts, architecture: 5 things borrowed by Shotoku from China
Confucianism: right to revolution
bushido: soldier on horseback, Bushido code
Chunking: constant target of Japanese air bombings, KMT stronghold
Sun Yat-Sen: father of nationalist China, 3 principles and KMT, married Soong sister, tries to reform and leaves to raise money, father of the revolution, declares Republic of China, "the doctor," father of modern China, Christian and western educated, physician, three principles of nationalism and democracy and peoples' livelihood
suzerainty: established control of one area over another
Shu, Shih, Li, Yeuh, I-Ching: 5 Confucian classics
Legalism: big brother
Fugiwara Uji: claim to fame through daughters who married into the imperial family
Manchukuo (Manchuria): home of the Ching
cangue: heavy wooden board used in China for punishing criminals
Tokyo: Meiji capital
Legalism: war and farming
Taiping Rebellion: led by Hung Xiu Kuan (heavenly king)
scholar-gentry-official, farmer, artisan, merchant, soldier: 5 classes in a Confucian society (in order)
legation: a diplomatic minister and staff in a foreign minister
Kojiki: the Bible, justifies Yamato clan
nationalism, democracy, peoples' livelihood: principles of the KMT
710: beginning of Nara as the first capital
guns, Christianity, castle building: 3 contributions of Portuguese to Japan

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Number of cards 148