Music Appreciation: Part 3
Terms
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- Doctrine of Affections
- The Baroque practice of attempting to project states of feeling and ideas in music
- Episode
- Sections of a fugue in which the subject is not present
- Sequence
- The immediate repeating of a phrase or figure at a different pitch level from the original
- Passacaglia
- A repeated set of variations based on a melodic ostinato in the lowest-pitched part
- Program Music
- Instrumental works associated by the composer with an extramusical idea or concept
- Development
- (1) The manipulation of themes in a musical work. (2) THe section in sonata form devoted to the development of themes
- Oratorio
- A sizable work for chorus, soloists, and orchestra, usually on a religious sopic that is performed without scenery, costumes, or acting
- Passion
- An oratorio based on the sufering of Jesus on good Friday, according to one of the four Gospels
- Exposition
- (1) The opening section of a fugue
- Subject
- The main theme in a fugue
- Trio Sonata
- A Baroque sonata written for three players on melody accompanied by the continuo line
- Virtuoso
- A very technically skilled performer
- Opera
- A drama set to music in which the lines of rext are sung with orchestral accompaniment
- Equal Temperament
- A system of tuning, in which the intervals are adjusted to divide the octave into twelve equal parts
- Tutti
- Italian for "everybody." In music, it means everyone plays at the same time
- Cantata
- A vocal composition in several movements for solo voices, instruments, and usually a chorus; it is usually based on a religious text
- Ritornello Form
- The orchestral form in which themes at the beginning of a concerto grosso return later in the movement
- Chorus
- (1) A sizable group of singers that sings choral music. (2) A section of an opera, oratorio, or cantata sung by a chorus
- Ensemble
- An instrumental or vocal performing group
- Antiphonal
- Containing or using responses or antiphons recited or sung in alternation
- Chorale
- A stately hymn tune used in the German Lutheran Church
- Toccata
- A showy work, usually for a keyboard instrument
- Opus
- The Latin word for "work." It usually appears with a number to indicate the order in which the composer's works were written
- Continuo
- A bass line for keyboard and other instruments in which the player is giiven only a succession of single notes and other symbols from which to fill out the remainder of the harmony. Also, the instruments that play this part.
- Concerto Grosso
- A multi-movement work contrasting a small instrumental group with a large group
- Fugue
- A composition in which the main theme (subject) is presented in imitation in several parts
- Ostinato
- A short, persistently repeated melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic pattern
- Patronage System
- A system whereby a conposer accepted exclusive employment under the auspices of a patron
- Canon
- Music in which one or more lines imitate one another for almost the entire work
- Prelude
- (1) A short instrumental work. (2) A piece to be played as an introduction
- Figured Bass
- A shorthand system of numbers and accidentals used by keyboard players in Baroque music for indicating chords
- Tonal Center
- The specific pitch around which a piece of music is centered
- Aria
- An accompanied solo song, usually of some length and complexity, in an opera, oratorio, or cantata
- Improvisation
- Music that is made up on the spot, usually according to stylistic guidelines
- Voice
- (2) A part in an instrumental composition, especially a fugue
- Terraced Dynamics
- Abrupt changes in levels of loudness
- Suite
- (1) A collection or group of stylized pieces of dance music. (2) A collection of parts of a larger work such as a ballet or opera
- Variation
- A section of music in which the melody, harmony, or rhythm of a theme is repeated with some changes
- Recitative
- A style of singing that covers its text expressively, usually in an economical and direct way
- Countersubject
- The secondary theme in a fugue
- Libretto
- The text of an opera or oratorio