Gov Terms
Terms
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- Normative Questions
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a speculative quetsion-asks what might be-no correct answer
ex. Will China become Democratic? - Empirical Questions
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Quantitative question-has specific scientific based data
ex. How much has China's GDP grown in the past 20 years - State
- Insitutions, people, a group that has power to offect chage, an organization within a monopoly in decision-making in an area
- Nation
- A group of people bound together by race, religion, or backgroud, psycological
- Country
- state, government, regime, and people who live within a particular political system. hardware
- Regime
- the fundamental rules and norms of politics indicates long term goals. software. Authoritarian, democratic
- Society
- a particular group of people and their culture, interactions with eachother and political institutions
- Government
- The people/elite who are in charge of running the state- we run over our gov. regularly. operators not irreplaceble
- Instituions
- groups that exercise policy-making authority. Organizations that are self-perpetuation have intrensive value governmetn functions. legislative, judicial, exectutive
- Political Culture
- History, culture, values, beliefts and traditions that influence our beliefs about politics. ex. gay rights and bible
- Politics
- Who gets what, when and how struggle for decision-making authority within a group. ex. allocation or rewards
- Legitimacy
- acceptance of the governemnts right to rule. ex 2000 election (no one proposed Bush's inauguration even though he lost pop vote. US has high degree
- Traditional Legitimacy
- rooted in tradion, myth and legend. Based on the way it's always been. ex. Great Britain, monarchies
- Charismatic LEgitimacy
- based on the power of ideas and the ability to sell these ideas ex. Reagan, Jesus, hitler, Mohammed
- Rational-Legal Legitimacy
- based on the rule of law. ex. Hitler US Presidents, PMs
- Sovereignty
- ability to carry out actions independent of internal/external actors. Most nation states ahve high levels. ex. US-high low-Iraq
- Revolution
- when a political regime is overthrown, sweeping social changes
- Correlation
- apparent connection
- Causation
- change in one variable causing a change in another
- Politiacl Cleavatge
- factions that switch out groups. ex. ethnicity, race, religion, gender, class
- Crosscutting Cleavage
- divisions taht cut across differences. ex. political parties
- coinciding (cumulative) cleavages
- divisions that strengthen feelings of difference and discrepancy
- Liberal Democracy
- democracy with strong protection of civil rights and liberties. high access to information, high level of political competition, economic freeedom. ex. Canada, Western Europe
- Illiberal Democracy
- Not strong protection of civil rights and liberties, no political competition, limited economic freedom and access to information. ex. Russia, and Iran
- Social Democracy
- emphasize economic equality, high taxes, throrough and generous welfare benefits and programs. ex. sweden frace germany
- communism
- political economic system baded on public ownership of the means of production, dictatoriship, authroitarism...
- Authoritarian
- gov't based on cohesion. ex sadam hussein, n korea, china
- Corporatism
- Type of authoritarian government in which groups are gi en a monopoly in repretestienting an interest. Creates limitedpublic influence. ex. mexico until 1996
- cooptation
- type of cohersion. governments attempt to co-op competition, give someone a benefit
- Theocracy
- form of gov've where religion and gov't are intertwined
- political ideology
- a set of political values about what the goals of govt should be
- liberalism (as a plitical ideology)
- someone who favors a limited state role in society and the economy, high value of individual freedom
- cnoservatism
- political attitude taht questions the need for change and supports the current order
- Liberatrian
- little or no intereference in the economy and person freedoms. would favor legalization of drugs, laissez faire economy
- Political Attitude
- a way to descirbe what a person feels about the pace and method of change of the gov't
- liberalism (as an attitude)
- favors evolutionary change within a society
- Reactionary
- someone who wants to restore or imagine an real social and political order
- radicalism
- dramatic and revolutionary change
- nationalism
- pride in one's people and belief that they have a unique political destiny
- fascism
- political ideology based on the idea there are groups superior to others characterized by low levels of personal and eocnomic freedom to maximize state power
- proporational Representatiion
- electoral system in which political parties compete in multimember districts. You vote for a party not people. Seats awarded by percent of the popular vote. ex. germany
- first past the post/single member districts
- canidate who wins the vote gets the seat. ex. US
- political econmoy
- study of interaection between markets and the state
- Developed Countries
- high standard of living, high tech economy, 1st world contries. US, Great Britain, Germany, Austrailia
- Developing Countries "nic" third world
- Newly industrialized contry, rapid economic growth, low/average incomes, underdeveloped infrastructures. ex. Mexico india east asian countries
- Under-developed countries
- poorest of the poor
- Neoliberal Economic Reformas
- Economic reforms taht introduce market concpets to a mixed or comand economy. Few restrictions on economic or property rights. ex Mexico Nigeria China
- GDP Gross Domestic Product
- value of all goods and services produced in a country in 1 year. rough estimate of overall economic wealth
- Purchasing Power Party (PPP)
- Estimate of buying power using the US as a benchmark
- Human Development Index (HDI)
- Estimate of overall health wealth and education of a country's people
- Gini Index
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Formula that meausres level of inequality in a country
0= perfect equality
100= perfect inequality - Globalization
- Process of expanding and intensifying likages among states, societies and economies