Pers. & Social Ethics Fall Semester Final AMHS
Terms
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- Solidarity
- a spirit of unity and mutual concern, the quality of justice that breaks down barriers between people.
- Individualism
- a way of being and acting that emphasizes personal independence and the rights of individuals over interdependence and concern for the common good.
- Interdependent
- reliant on one another for survival and well being
- Crisis of limits
- the finite and irreplaceable nature of essential resources, such as oil and rainforests
- Simple living
- a way of life in which a person buys and uses only what is needed, out of respect for people and resources
- Fatalism
- the belief that the world is out of the control of humans and in the hands of blind fate
- Hope
- trusting in God, in everything that Christ has promised, and in the help of the Holy Spirit. Hope focuses on obtaining eternal happiness in heaven and the help from God (grace) to achieve it
- Personal causes
- individual actions that lead to problems or good results
- Underlying causes
- ways society is structured that affect people
- Works of mercy
- charitable actions by which we come to the aid of our neighbor in physical and spiritual ways
- Long term solutions
- answers which provide ongoing resolutions to problems
- Social actions
- steps taken to change society’s structures
- Social sin
- the social dimension of sin, both in its causes and in its effects
- Graced social structures
- structures of society that encourage and strengthen life, dignity, and the development of community
- Sinful social structures
- ways societies are structured resulting in unjust distribution of power, benefits, and privileges
- Decision making power
- ability to make choices regarding an institution or one’s life
- Life choices
- decision about living made by an individual or group
- Communities of resistance
- groups that take a unified stand against an area of injustice
- Welfare to work programs
- government assistance programs that provide aid while individuals are trying to learn a new trade or seek employment
- Income levels
- comparative amounts of money earned annually by individuals or families
- Physical quality of life index
- table determined by a combination of average length of life, average rate of death for babies, and the number of people who can read
- Malnutrition
- a state resulting from a diet lacking the nutrients vital for good health
- Chronic malnutrition
- constant illness caused by a lack of proper amounts of vitamins and nutrients
- Undernourishment
- amount of food is less that what can sustain life
- Cash crops
- crops grown to be exported in order to raise money
- Food crops
- crops grown to feed the people within a country
- Single export economies
- budgets based on one product as the main source of income
- Oligarchy
- a country ruled by a few members of an elite group clearly distinct from the vast majority of the population
- Theological
- scholars of religion
- Liberation theology
- belief that the gospel message addresses today’s social concerns, especially those of people who are poor
- Triage
- the practice of placing people into one of three groups based on their likelihood of survival and treating the first two groups most likely to survive. The three groups are: those who can survive with little or no attention, those who can survive but need immediate attention, and those who can survive only with intensive treatment.
- Morality
- the goodness or sinfulness of human acts
- Natural law
- god’s fatherly instruction that is written on the human heart and accessed by human reason
- Conscience
- a moral decision making ability or action centering on what a person has already done or ought to do in the future. It involves awareness that there is a right and wrong, a process of discernment, and finally judgment
- Catholic morality
- the way that we live our lives as children of God in response to Jesus under the guidance of the Holy Spirit at work in the Catholic Church
- Dignity
- the respect owed to all human beings because they are made in God’s image
- Covenant
- a solemn agreement between God and human beings involving mutual obligations and agreements
- Grace
- the gift of the Holy spirit’ participation in god’s Trinitarian life, the help God gives us to live out our vocation
- Holy Trinity
- one God in three persons: the father, the son, and the Holy Spirit
- Sanctifying grace
- a share in God’s life, a gift from God that enables the soul to live with him and respond to his friendship
- Actual grace
- the help God gives us for a particular need to help us inform our lives to his will
- Vocation
- calling to love and serve god both now and forever
- Incarnation
- the mystery of the wonderful union of the divine and human natures in Jesus, the son of god
- Sermon on the mount
- a part of the gospel according to Matthew in which Jesus preaches important moral teachings, including the Beatitudes
- Beatitudes
- the teachings of Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount on the meaning and way to true happiness
- Beatitude Saints
- people who take the Beatitudes message to heart and attempt to live it
- KOG
- God’s reign or rule
- Foot washing
- the activity Jesus performed prior to the Last supper that becomes the model for all Christian Services
- “hard sayings†of Jesus
- teachings such as the Beatitudes and the Last Judgment that overturn commonly heald values and priorities
- Legalism
- attitude of strict observance of laws, regardless of circumstances and possible harm to people involved.
- Minimalism
- an attitude of doing only the least that is required by law in our moral life
- Moral muscle
- pushing ourselves to do more than the minimum in or moral life
- Communion of saints
- this title refers to two realities, First of all, it designates the “holy things†such as charity and the Eucharist, by which the unity of the faithful is brought about. Second, it refers to the unity in Christ of all the redeemed, those on earth and those who have died.
- Ecclesia
- a Greek word for a duly summoned assembly, also means Church
- Alienation
- an experience of isolation and separateness from God and others
- Reconciliation
- an experience of reuniting and reconnecting with God and others
- Magisterium
- the teaching office of the Church
- Catechism of the Catholic Church
- a “synthesis of the essential and fundamental contents of Catholic doctrine, as regards both faith and morals, in the light of the Second Vatican Council and the whole of the Church’s Traditionâ€
- Encyclical
- an official letter from the pope, usually addressed to all Church members
- Lax conscience
- when a person does not employ a process of conscientious decision making, thereby not facing or thinking about the morality of actions that he or she performs
- Informed conscience
- a conscience that is educated and developed through constant use and examination
- Erroneous conscience
- when a person follows a process of conscientious decision making but unwittingly makes a wrong decision
- Sin
- when people act contrary to their conscience and purposely choose to do wrong
- Venial sin
- an action that weakens our relationshi8p with god
- Mortal sin
- an action so destructive that it mortally wounds our relationship with God, complete rejection of god
- Sin of omission
- not doing an action that is called for
- Sin of commission
- purposely doing an action that is harmful to oneself or another
- Apathy
- an attitude of not getting involved, not caring, not acting when action is called for social sin
- Character
- the attributes and features that make up our individuality
- Virtues
- good qualities, habits, or patters of behavior that incline us to live justly, character strengths manifested on a consistent basis of decision making
- Vices
- bad qualities, habits, or patterns of behavior that incline us to actions that are harmful to ourselves and others
- Theological virtues
- faith, hope, and charity, good habits given by him, that are directed to him as their object or major focus
- Faith
- a gift from God and a human act by which we believe all that God has revealed, the theological virtue of seeking to know and to do god’s will
- Charity
- sometimes called love, the theological virtue representing the core of the Christian life. Charity is the virtue by which we love god above all things for his own sake, and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of god. Charity is the virtue that places concern for God, manifest especially through concern for others, above everything else.
- Cardinal virtues
- prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance, permanent readiness of our will and intellect that exercise control over our actions, provide discipline for our passions, and emotions, and direct our behavior to be disciples of Jesus
- Prudence
- the virtue that helps us make a correct judgment about what to do to choose the right way to do it.
- Justice
- the virtue stating that all people have rights and should have their basic needs met.
- Fortitude
- courage, strength when confronted with difficulties and perseverance in pursing that which is good
- Temperance
- self control and a balanced lifestyle
- Integrity
- honesty, genuineness, and consistency in behavior patterns’
- Lived values
- qualities and concerns that we demonstrate as being important through our actions
- Stated values
- qualities and concerns that we claim are important to us.
- Community of good character
- a community that promotes rather than obstructs the exercise of virtue, a community that is energized by the practice of values.
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- Although urban poverty is rampant, rural poverty also exists in huge numbers, but the rural poor are often forgotten because they are outside the view of most people. A larger percentage of minorities are poor, but the sheer number of poor whites is greater. Most poor people in the US do not receive welfare.
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- Mexican Americans lived in the southwest US before it was even part of the nation. They have been either welcomed or shunned, depending on the demand for their labor.
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- Anti-poverty programs should focus on children, the most vulnerable group.
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- The welfare reform seeks to protect human life and dignity- strengthen family life- encourage and reward work- preserve a safety net for the vulnerable- build public and private partnerships to overcome poverty- and invest in human dignity and poor families.
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- US Catholic bishops emphasize the need for compassion along with rules and policies regarding immigration.
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- It points to the Holy Family, Egyptian refugees, as a model for every refugee family.
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- Homelessness is the result of the greed and corruption of the wealthy, the redirection of government funds away from the homeless, economic factors, drug dependency, mental illness, or runaways.
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- The wealthiest 20% of the world’s population consumes 68% of its commercial energy while the poorest 20% uses less than 2%.
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- Most people suffer from malnutrition, or a lack of nutrients in their food.
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- Immigrants do not negatively affect work opportunities at all. They often take unwanted jobs for the same or lower pay, and thus do not displace other workers.
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- Chavez lead the effort to unionize migrant farm workers, calling for a boycott of California grape products. His efforts led to the creation of the UFW.
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- Hunger results not because there is not enough food, but because of a moral problem. Much of the cultivated land in underdeveloped nations is used for cash crops that are grown for export. This leads to local food shortages.
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- We should help the poor because it would help make our world a better place, because of the Christian view of the world as a single family, and because even the poor are incredible images of God with worth and dignity.