Ch.10 vocab
Terms
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- alcoholic fermentation
- anaerobic process in which pyruvic acid is changed to ethyl alcohol and CO2;carried out by many bacteria and fungi
- photosynthesis
- process by which autotrophs produce simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy absorbed from sunlight by chlorophyll; oxygen is ont of the end products
- ATP
- adenosine triphosphate; enery storing molecule that serves as the cell's "energy currency" stored energy of gluclose is used to attach phosphate groups to ADP to form ATP
- citric acid cycle
- cyclic series of chemical reactions that take place during aerobic respiration; produces ATP and releases electrons
- light reactions
- highly complex reactions by which light energy is converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis; results in the spiltting of water and release of oxygen
- Chemosynthesis
- process to obtain energy and produce food from inoganic compounds used by some organisms, such as methane-producing bacteria.
- anaerobic process
- simple biological process that does not require oxygen
- respiration
- process in which cells break down molecules of food to release energy; cellular respiration can be either aerobic of anaerobic
- aeroboic process
- oxygen-requiring biological process
- ADP
- adenosine diphosphate; molecules occuring from ATP,resulting in the release of energy to do biological work.
- glycolysis
- anaerobic process that splits glucose, forming two molecules of pyruvic acid; also produces hydrogen ions and electons
- photoysis
- spiltting of water molecules during photosynthesis
- Calvin cycle
- set of reactions during photosynthesis in which simple sugars are formed from CO2 using ATP and hydrogen from the light reactions
- electron transport chain
- series of molecules along which electrons are transferred; as the electrons travel, they release energy that is stored in the bonds of ATP
- lactic acid fermemtation
- anaerobic process in which pyruvic acids changes to lactic acid; occurs in some bacteria, plants, and most animals; can create an oxygen acid resulting in fatigue