Ananomy 2 & 3 chapter
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- Lipids Provide
- Protection and insulation.
- A 15% salt solution contains how many grams of salt per 100 ml of water?
- 15 grams
- A change in protein shape that causes it to become nonfunctional is referred to as
- Denaturation.
- A change of 1 pH unit represents how much change in hydrogen ion concentration?
- 10-fold change in the H+ concentration.
- A double covalent bond is represented by a
- Double line between atoms.
- A double covalent bond means:
- When 4 electrons are being shared
- A mixture of materials that separate from each other when the mixing stops are part of a
- Suspension.
- A molecule of carbon dioxide consists of
- One carbon bound to two oxygen atoms.
- A negative charged ion is referred to as a
- Anion
- A pH of 7 is said to be
- Neutral solution.
- A positive charged ion is referred to as
- Cation
- A single covalent bond is represented by a
- Single line between atoms.
- A single covalent bond means:
- When one electrons are being shared.
- Acidic solutions have
- A greater concentration of H= than OH-.
- Adenine always binds to
- Thymine by two Hydrogen bonds.
- Adenosine Triphosphate - ATP is composed of
- Adenosine and three phosphate groups.
- Alkaline solutions have
- A pH greater than 7 and have fewer H+ than OH-.
- All living and nonliving things are composed of
- Matter
- An atom that lost or gained an electron is called an ?
- Ion
- An oxygen molecule consists of
- Two Oxygen atoms bound together by covalent.
- Any substance that binds to hydrogen ions is a
- Base
- Any substance that releases hydrogen ions is an
- Acid
- ATP is important because of the energy stored
- In all living organism.
- ATP is often called the
- Energy currency of cells because it is capable of both, storing and provinding energy.
- Basic protein building blocks are
- 20 amino acid.
- Carbohydrates are composed of
- Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Carbohydrates can be broken down to
- Provide the energy necessary for life.
- Carbohydrates undigested provide
- Bulk in feces, which helps maintain the normal function and health of digestive tract.
- Cellulose is used for
- Energy source
- Changes in pH are regulated by the action of buffers, which
- Resist changes in solution pH when either acids or bases are added.
- Chemical Energy
- Potential energy stored within its chemical bonds.
- Chemical Reactions-Reacting molecules must be
- Disssolved in water.
- Collectively decomposition reactions are referred to as
- Catabolism
- Collectively synthesis reactions are referred to as
- Anabolism
- Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share
- One or more pair of e-.
- Covalent bonds between amino acids are called
- Peptide bonds.
- Define what a decomposition reaction is:
- A large reactant is chemically broken down into two or more smaller products.
- Define what a synthesis reaction is:
- When two or more reactants chemically combine form a new and large product.
- Describe a colloid:
- Is a mixture in which a dispersed (solute like) substance is distributed throught a dispersing (solvenlike) substance.
- Describe how ionic bonding works:
- Chemical Bond that is formed when one atom loses an e- and another accepts that e-.
- Describe what important role hydrogen bonds play:
- In determining the shape of complex molecules
- Disaccharides are formed by
- Two single sugar bound by dehydration.
- Dissolving table salt (an ionic compound) in water will result in the ions separating from each other in the water. This is called
- Dissociate
- DNA and RNA consist of building blocks called
- Nucleotides.
- DNA contains the information for
- The structure of proteins.
- DNA has __________
- Two strands of nucleotides twisted together to form a twisted, double helix.
- DNA is the cells
- Genetic material
- DNA stands for
- Deoxyribonucleic acid
- Eicosanoids are important
- Regulatory molecules with numerous effects.
- Eicosanoids derived from
- Fatty acid
- Electrolytes are composed of what in water?
- Cations and anions.
- Energy that is actually working and moving matter is
- Kinetic
- Enzymes are
- Protein Catalyst
- Enzymes control
- The rate of chemical reactins proceed in living systems.
- Enzymes is protein catalyst that
- Increases the rate a chemical reaction proceeds.
- Fatty acids differ from one another in
- Length and degree
- For every oxygen atom in a carbohydrate there are
- Two hydrogen atoms.
- Functionally carbohydrates are important:
- Parts of other organic molecules.
- Functionally proteins are important to regulate
- bodily processes.
- Glycogen is also known as
- Animal starch.
- Glycogen is an important
- Energy storage molecule.
- Glycogen is composed of
- Many glucose molecules.
- Guanine always binds to
- Cytosine by thre hydrogen bonds.
- Heat Energy
- Energy that flows between objects that are at diff. temp.
- How many grams in a kilogram?
- 1 gram
- How many milliosmoles in an osmole?
- 1/1000
- How many pounds in a kilogram?
- 2.2 Pounds
- Hydrogen Bonds results when a positive charged hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to the
- Neg. charged O, N, or fluorine of another molecule.
- Increasing concentration of reactants
- The grater the rate at which a give chemical reation proceeds.
- Increasing temperature means
- Increase of kinetic energy.
- Isomers are
- Molecules that have same number and types of atoms but diff. in their three dimensional arrangement.
- Isotopes are
- Have the same num. of protons and e- but diff. num. of neutrons.
- Isotopes of an element have different numbers of
- Neutrons.
- Lipids are composed of
- Carbon, hydrogen and Oxygen.
- Lipids are major
- Energy storage.
- Lipids form
- Plasma membranes.
- Lipids Regulate
- Many physiologic Processes.
- List 2 important pentoses:
- Fructose and galactose.
- List 3 common hexoses:
- Glucose, fructose and galactose.
- List several examples of steroids:
- cholesterol, bile salts, estrogen, progesterone and testosterone.
- Maltose is composed of
- Two glucose.
- Mass
- Represents the amount of matter
- Mechanical Energy results from
- The position of movement of objects.
- Most proteins also contain
- Sulfur
- Nitrogenous Organic Base-The double-ringed purines are:
- Adenine, and guanine.
- Nitrogenous Organic Base-The single-ringed pyrimidines are:
- Uracil, thymine and cytosine.
- Nonpolar covalent bonds are formed when
- e- are share equally betweem atoms.
- Nucleic acids composed of
- Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
- Nucleotides building block is composed of:Phosphate Group, Monosaccharide: In DNA this is
- Deoxyribose
- Nucleotides building block is composed of:Phosphate Group, Monosaccharide: In RNA this is
- Ribose
- One of the fatty acids is replaced by
- Molecule containing phosphate.
- Osmolality represents
- The num., not the type of particles in solution.
- Osmoles express
- The number of particles in a solution.
- Oxidation-reduction reactions
- Can be synthesis or decomposition reactions,Have one reactant gaining electrons, have one reactant losing electrons and can create ionic or covalent bonds.
- Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Chemical reactions that result from the exchange of
- Electron
- Pentoses
- Are six carbon monosaccharides
- Phospholipids are important
- Structural components of the molecules of cells.
- Polysaccharides consist of
- Monosaccharides bound together
- Primary structure of protein is determined by the
- Sequence of the amino acid bound by peptide bonds
- Protection-Water acts as a lubricant by preventing
- Damage resulting from friction.
- Protein act as a
- Transportation.
- Protein help
- Muscle contract
- Protein provide
- Struture and energy.
- Proteins contain
- Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- Pure water is an example of a what solution in pH and what is the concentration?
- Neutral solution and therefore has equal concentrations of H+ and OH-
- Quaternary Structure refers to the
- Spatial relationship between the individual subunits when two or more proteins join together to form a functional unit.
- Reduction
- refers to the gain of an electron by a reactant.
- Reversible Reactions is a chemical reaction in which the reaction can proceed from
- reactants to products or from product to reactants.
- RNA has __________ strand of nucleotides.
- Single.
- RNA play
- Important roles in protein synthesis.
- RNA stands for
- Ribonucleic acid.
- Salts are formed by
- Interaction of an acid and a base in which the H+ of the acid are replace by the pos. ion of the base.
- Saturated means
- Single bonds between atoms.
- Secondary Structure protein results from
- Folding of bending of the polypeptide chain which is cause by hydrogen bonds between amino acids.
- Secondary Structure two common shapes are
- Hellices (coils) and pleated (folded)
- Solubility is
- The ability of one substance to dissolve in another.
- Some proteins contain
- Phosphorus, iron, and iodine.
- Starch and cellulose are found in
- Plants.
- Starch and cellulose molecules are composed of
- Long chains of glucose.
- Starch is used for
- Energy Storage molecules.
- Steroids-Carbon atoms bound together into
- four ringlike structures
- Stored energy that is not doing work is called
- Potential
- Substances that are uniformly distributed with no clear boundary between the substances form a
- Solution.
- Substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up in the reaction are called
- Catalyst
- Sucrose is composed of
- Glucose and fructose.
- Synthesis reactions that result in the removal of water are
- Dehydration
- Synthesis reactions that use water in the reaction are
- Hydrolysis
- Tertiary Structure results from
- Folding fo the helices or pleated sheets.
- Tetroses
- Are five carbon monosaccharides
- The activation energy is
- Minimum energy that reactant need to start a chemical.
- The atomic number represents the number of
- Protons
- The DNA rungs of the ladder consist of
- Basses of nucleotides.
- The DNA uprights of the ladder consist of
- Covalent Bonds.
- The liquid that material dissolves in is a
- Solvent
- The loss of an electron by a reactant is referred to as
- Oxidation
- The mass number of an element is the sum of
- Protons and Neutrons
- The material dissolving in the liquid is a
- Solute
- The pH scale refers to
- H concentration in a solution.
- The shape of the enzyme determines the structure of the
- Active site
- Thymine is replaced with __________
- Uracil
- Triglycerides or Triacylglycerols composed of:
- One Glycerol and three fatty acids.
- Two or more atoms chemically joining together to form an independent unit create a ?
- Molecule
- Unsaturated means
- One or more double bond between atoms.
- Water acts as a cushion by preventing around
- Organs, help protect them from trauma.
- Water can rid the body of excess heat when it
- Evaporates.
- Water is produced in a
- Dehydration (synthesis) reaction.
- Water is required in a
- Hydrolysis (descomposition) reaction.
- Water requires a relatively large amount of heat to raise its temperature it therefore has
- Specific heat.
- Weight
- Is caused by the gravitational force acting on mass
- What is a domain?
- Is folded sequence 100-200 amino acids within a protein.
- What percent of the atmosphere is oxygen?
- 2%
- When a molecule is composed of more than one type of atoms it is a properly referred to as a
- Compound
- When two atoms do not share electrons equally they form
- Polar covalent bonds.
- Which end is nonpolar?
- Hydrophobic (water fearing)
- Which end is polar?
- Hydropholic (water loving)
- Which of these polysaccharides can humans digest?
- Starch.
- Which subatomic particle has Neg. charge?
- Electrons
- Which subatomic particle has no electric charge?
- Neutrons
- Which subatomic particle has pos. charge
- Proton
- Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus?
- Protons and neutrons
- Why are domains important?
- Can change protein function.