Biochemistry Review 2

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Catabolsim is an essentially ______ process. a. synthesis b. exothermic c. exothermic d. isothermic: C
T/F Glycogenloysis is the cleavage of glucose-1-phosphate from the ends of glycogen molecules.: F
Which of the following can enter the glycolysis pathway? a. glucose b. fructose c. galactose d. all of the following: D
Which is the product of the first stage of glycolysis? a. glucose-6-phosphate b. pyruvate c. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d. lactate: C
Under aerobic conditions in the body, pyruvate is converted to: a. lactate b. acetyl- CoA c. ethanol d. acetaldehyde: B
One turn of the Krebs cycle produces ______ molecules of CO2. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5: A
The net yield of ATP from the complete catabolism of one molecule of glucose is: a. 18 b. 24 c. 36 d. 42: C
The majority of ATP produced during the catabolism of glucose is formed during: a. oxidative phosphorylation b. glycolysis c. the Kreb's cycle d. glycogenolysis: A
ASpproximately ___ percent of the energy available from glucose catabolism is trapped in the formation of ATP. a. 20 b. 40 c. 60 d. 80: B
T/F NADH is the coenzyme used in anabolism (synthesis).: F
T/F The protein complex which is responsible for respiration is imbedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.: T
T/F The catabolism of fatty acids is called beta-oxidation.: T
T/F Ketone bodies are formed when the concentration of acteyl-CoA in the mitochondria is very high.: T
T/F In the cytoplasm acetyl-CoA is used in the synthesis of steroids.: T
The activator/carrier molecule used in fatty acid biosynthesis is: a. CoASH b. ACP c. FAD d. NADH: B
Which of the following is a ketone body? a. acetyl CoA b. acetone c. acetaldehyde d. malonyl-CoA: B
The most important function of amino acids is for the synthesis of: a. glucose b. pyruvate for energy production c. proteins d. purines and pyrimidines: C
Two key aminoacids in the catabolism of the amino group of the aminoacids are glutamate and _____. a. phenylalanine b. glycine c. serine d. asparate: D
Oxidative deamination of the aminoacids produce: a. urea b. CO2 and HOH c. ammonium ion d. aspartate: C
The direct "fuel" for the urea cycle is: a. ammonium ion b. glutamate c. carbamoyl phosphate d. pyruvate: C
The production of glutamate from aspartate is called: a. transamination b. deamination c. decarboxylation d. aminogenesis: A
T/F Carbamoyl phosphate is produced by the reaction of CO2, ammonium ion and ATP.: T
T/F The second amino group of urea is derived from aspartate.: T
T/F The molecule which reacts with carbamoyl phosphate at the start of the urea cycle is oxaloacetate.: F
Catabolism is an essentially ______ process. a. anergonic b. endergonic c. exergonic d. isergonic: C
Direct phosphorylation of glucose by ATP leads to the formation of: a. glucose-1-phosphate b. glucose-6-phosphate c. glucose-1,6-diphosphate d. fructose-6-phosphate: B
The product of glycogenolysis is: a. glucose b. glycogen c. glucose-1-phosphate d. glucose-6-phosphate: C
Glycolysis occurs within the: a. mitochondria b. nucleus c. ribosomes d. cytoplasm: D
Which of the following can not enter the glycolysis pathway? a. glucose b. fructose c. galactose d. glycogen: D
Which coenzyme is used in most oxidation-reduction reactions of carbohydrate catabolism? a. ATP/ADP b. NAD+/NADH c. NADP+/NADPH d. CoASH: B
Which is the production of the endergonic stage of glycolysis? a. glucose-6-phosphate b. pyruvate c. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d. lactate: C
The net ATP output for glycolysis is ___ per glucose molecule. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4: B
Which of the following is the final product of glycolysis? a. pyruvate b. carbon dioxide and water c. lactate d. acetyl-CoA: A
Which coenzyme must be reoxidized so that glycolysis can continue to produce energy? a. NADH b. NADP+ c. FADH2 d. NAD: A
Under anaerobic conditions in the body, pyruvate is converted to: a. lactate b. acetyl-CoA c. ethanol d. acetaldehyde: A
Under anaerobic conditions in a muscle cell, pyruvate is converted to: a. ethanol b. CO2 and HOH c. acetyl-CoA d. none of these: D
T/F The production of triose phosphates in the first stage of glycolysis is an endothermic sequence of reactions.: T
The oxidative (aerobic) reactions of metabolism occur in the: a. cytoplasm b. mitochondria c. nucleus d. ribosomes: B
The direct precurser for the citric acid cycle is: a. glucose b. glycogen c. fatty acids d. acetyl-CoA: D
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihyroxyacetonephosphate are: a. triose b. functional isomers c. monosaccharides d. all of the above: D
The products of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are CO2 and: a. 3NADPHs, 1FAD, and 1ATP b. NAD+ c. NADPH d. 3NADH, 1FADH, and 1GTP: D
T/F Gluconeogenesis is the porduction of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.: T
T/F The electron transport system (ETS) of respiratory chain is found dispersed in the mitochondrial matrix.: F
What metal ions are present in the cytochromes of the ETS aid in the passage of electrons down the chain? a. Cr+++ and Ca++ b. Fe++ and Fe+++ c. Zn and Zn++ d. Na+ and Mg++: B
The final electron acceptor during resiration is: a. NAD b. NADH2 c. FAD d. O2: D
The formation of ATP in the ETS is called: a. reductive phosphorylation b. substrate phosphorylation c. oxidative phosphorylation d. substrate oxidation: C
T/F It is possible to oxidize the hydrogen atoms of acetyl-SCoA without having oxidative phosphorylation occur.: T
T/F Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport are coupled in the ETS.: T
T/F Glycogenolysis directly leads to the formation of glucose-6-phosphate which undergoes glycolysis.: F
An important product of pentose phosphate pathway (shunt) is: a. NADH b. NADPH c. FADH2 d. FPH2: B
Another important product of the pentose shunt is: a. ribose-5-phosphate b. fructose-1,6-diphosphate c. galactose-1-phosphate d. phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP): A
T/F NADPH is the coenzyme used in anabolic reations(synthesis).: T
T/F The protein complex which is resonsible for respiration is dispersed in the mitochondrial matrix.: F
Before fats and oils can be metabolized, fatty acids must be relesed from triglycerides with the aid of a triglyceride lipase.: T
T/F The anabolism of fatty acids is called beta-oxidation.: F
The activator/carrier molecule used in fatty acid catabolism is: a. coenzyme-A, CoASH b. acyl carrier protein (ACP), fatty acid synthestase c. NAD + d. ATP: A
Complete beta-oxidation of a 12-carbon fatty acid produces ___ molecules of acetyl-CoA. a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 12: C
T/F Beta-oxidation occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell.: F
T/F Fatty acid synthesis is the complete reverse of beta-oxidation.: F
The protein which is responsible for the transport of fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix is: a. CoASH b. ACP c. carnitine d. albumin: C
T/F The synthesis of a 12 carbon fatty acid is achieved bu the sequential condensation of 6 acetyl CoA molecules.: F
Which coenzyme is the reducing agent used in fatty acid biosynthesis? a. NAD+ b. NADH c. NADPH d. FADH2: C
T/F The key intermediate in fatty acid synthesis is the free three carbon diacid malonate.: F
T/F Ketone bodies are formed when the concentration of acetyl-CoA in the cytoplasm is very high.: F
T/F In the cytoplasm acetyl-CoA is used in the synthesis of non-saponifiable lipids.: T
The activator/carrier molecule used in fatty acid oxidations is: a. CoASH b. ACO c. FAD+ d. NADH: A
Which of the following is a ketone body? a. acetyl-CoA b. acetone c. malonate d. malonyl-CoA: B
The most important function of aminoacids is for the synthesis of: a. glucose b. pyruvate for energy production c. proteins d. purines and pyrimidines: C
The key aminoacids in the catabolism of the amino group of aminoacids are glutamate and ______. a. phenylalanine b. glycine c. serine d. aspartate: D
Oxidative deamination of aminoacids directly produces: a. urea b. glutamate c. carbamoyl phosphate d. pyruvate: C
the production of glutamate from alpha-ketoglutarate is called: a. transamination b. deamination c. decarboxylation d. aminogenesis: A
The second amino group of urea is derived from: a. glucose b. glutamate c. aspartate d. acetate: C

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Number of cards 72