WC Ch. 27
Terms
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- One country dominates another (politcally, economically, socially).
- Imperialism
- Ex of imperialism in ancient times.
- Rome
- Period from 1800 to 1914.
- Age of Imperialism
- Three things that was caused by the age of imperialism
-
1. nationalism (conquest for power)
2. IR - demand for raw materials
3. religion/racial superiority - What was communication like between colonies and countries?
- Slow
- What caused conflict in Africa after countries just started colonizing?
- Claimed the same areas
- What were two economical advantages of having colonies?
-
1. raw materials
2. sold finish products back to colonies - Countries needed what to ensure support in colonies?
- Loyal citizens from mother country
- Who made a fortune off of gold and diamond mining and founded Rhodesia?
- Cecil Rhodes
- Why did missionaries set up missions in Africa?
-
- thought christianity was superior
- thought africans weren't civilized
- impose western culture
- "survival of the fittest" racially superior - Who was the poet who wrote "The White Man's Burden"?
- Rudyard Kipling
- What is a territory that an imperialist power rules directly?
- Colony
- What is ruled by its own government, but foreign officials guided the policies?
- protectorate
- What is a region where an imperialist power held exclusive investment/trading rights?
- sphere of influence
- What did imperialist powers use to decide what type of gvt to set up?
- size of area, how many people are living there
- Who was a scottish doctor/missionary that explored Africa for 30 years?
- David Livingstone
- Who was sent to find Livingstone, and went on to go on his own expeditions in Africa?
- Henry Stanley
- Because of Livingstone and Stanley, what happened?
- Europe realized Africa had lots of raw materials and quickly scrambled to claim some
- In 1885, what was passed to divide up Africa?
- Partition
- In 1914, what percentage of Africa was controlled by Europe?
- 90%
- In 1830 who led France in the invasion of Algeria?
- King Charles X
- Who was the Algerian leader who defended against France's King Charles X?
- Abd al-Qadir
- In 1889, what did France seize?
- tunis
- In 1905, what did France seize?
- Morocco
- In th 1800s, Egypt was independent under what leader?
- Muhammed Ali
- T/F: Muhammed Ali like to spend money funding buildings and such, and got into debt.
- true
- Who built the Suez canal?
- Ferdinand de Lesseps
- In 1882 the British defeated Egypts army. Who led this Egyptian army?
- Ahmed Arabi
- In 1882 when Egypt was defeated by Britain, what did Egypt become?
- a protectorate
- In 1898, what did the British claim that the French would also want?
- The Sudan
- What did Italy seize, and who did they have to fight to get it?
- Libya, Ottoman Turks
- What was the last country in N. Africa that was conquered by Europe?
- Libya
- After the slave trade was abolished, what happened to W. Africa's economy?
- suffered
- 1900s- French conquer and take over what?
- French West Africa
- Who was the ruler of the kingdom that is now Senegal that led an army against the French?
- Samory Toure
- Who was the king of the Dahomey that fought the French?
- Behanzin
- What was the only remaining free state in Africa?
- Liberia
- After Stanley reached the Congo River and wrote about how many resources it had, who claimed it and enslaved the people?
- Leopold II of Belgium
- When Leopold II decided to return the Congo to the government in return for a loan, what did it become?
- Belgian Congo
- What was the only independent country in east africa?
- Ethiopia
- Who tried to conquer Ethiopia?
- Italy
- Why wasn't Italy successful in taking over Ethiopia?
- Led by a very powerful Menelik II
- Who was Ethoipia's Emporer?
- Menelik II
- Who were the duth that settled in Cape Town?
- Afrikaners
- Who was Zulu's king?
- Shaka
- In the battle between the British and the Boyars, who won?
- British
- In the 1800s, the British moved to find what?
- Gold/diamonds
- What was the reason for the Anglo-Boer war?
- British wanted Boers to grant them civil rights
- Who was a lawyer from India who wanted the equality of Indians in S. Africa?
- Ghandi
- In 1912, black South Africans founded what to work for their rights?
- South African Native National Congress
- How did imperialists profit by taking over Africa? (Also results of the imperialism)
-
- dug mines, plantations, built factories/ports
- cheap labor
- taught that West. cult. is best
- Ancient traditions disappeared - Who wrote the book "Description of the World"?
- Marco Polo
- Why did Europeans start to look to Asia?
- Marco polo wrote a book describing imaginary riches
- What company, founded around 1600 became one of the riches and most powerful trading companies in the world?
- East India Co.
- What was the battle in 1757 between the British and French-trained Indian forces?
- Plassey
- Indian soldiers
- Sepoys
- After the East India Company came to control most of India, who rebelled?
- sepoys
- Was the Indian revolt against the East India co. successful?
- no
- What is a governor ruling as a royal representative?
- Viceroy
- After the British Parliament dissolved the East India co, what did it do?
- Sent a viceroy
- How did the British gvt try to quell further unrest in India?
- spend money on its econ development
- What did the British govt build in India?
- paved roads, railway sys, telegraph lines, irrigation canals, universities, schools
- Although the British appeared like they were helping Indians, what were they actually doing?
- Imposing their culture, forcing them to change
- Because there were food shortages and dying Indians, what did they do in 1885?
- Formed Indian National Congress- wanted more power
- Was China interested in trade with Europe?
- no
- Instead of actually paying for Chinese tea, silk and porcelain, what did merchants do?
- smuggled opium
- Who won in the Opium war?
- Britain
- Because of the Opium War, what occured (foreign policy-wise)?
- many unequal treaties with China (many countries)
- At the end of the 1800s, what did all the European countries do to China?
- divided it up into spheres of influence
- Because the US didn't get a sphere of infl. in China, what did it try to do?
- open China to trade by the Open Door Policy
- The imperialism of China really annoyed what member of the Qing Dynasty's royal family?
- Ci Xi
- What did Ci Xi encourage Chinese people to do?
- gather in secret to plot against the imperialists
- What was one group of anti-imperialists that emerged as a result of Ci Xi's encouragement?
- Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
- How did the Boxers (Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists) gain strength?
- belief in Chinese rituals/traditions, hatred of foreigners
- In 1900, what did the Boxers do?
- attacked foreigners, chinese christians
- Where did the Boxers attack?
- Beijing
- After the Boxers attacked, the govts of foreign powers gathered troops and did what?
- marched into beijing and quelled the rebellion
- After the attacks by the Boxers, Ci Xi did what to help her people?
- established schools, reorganized the govt
- Did the people of China like Ci Xi's changes?
- too late- they wanted a revolution
- Who became the United League party leader of China?
- Sun Yat-sen
- Even thought the attacks of the United League were unsuccessful, Ci Xi died, so what happened to the dynasty?
- weakened
- After the emporer's own troops revolted against him, who became the first president of the new Republic of China?
- Sun Yat-sen
- When did explorers first reach Japan?
- 1500s
- In the 1600s, what was the military commander called that ruled japan?
- shogun
- When did the Japanese begin trading with the outside world?
- 1853
- Who was the first to come to Japane to trade?
- Matthew Perry
- Why was the shogun of japan so eager to sign a treaty with Matthew Perry?
- knew about the opium war
- Because Western countries made Japan sign unequal treaties, what did the people of Japan do?
- threw out the shogun
- Who became emporer of Japan after the people kicked their old shogun out?
- Mutsuhito
- Mutsuhito was known as the what emperor?
- Enlightened
- What did Japan's Meiji leaders try to do to japan?
- make it powerful- could compete with the west
- What kind of gvt did the Meiji leaders support?
- parliamentary
- By establishing a system of universal education, the Meiji leaders were able to create what?
- new ruling class based on talent rather than birth
- Although Japan wanted to industrialize in the 1870s, what was it reluctant to do?
- borrow money
- What did Japan do to help industrial expansion?
- revised tax structure, developed modern currency system, supporded the building of postal/telegraph networks, railroads and port facilities
- By the 1890s, Japan was a strong world power. But, what did it lack?
- natural resourses!
- When the people of Korea revolted against China, what did Japan do?
- defeated the chinese in the Sino-Japanese war
- After Japan won Korea, who else wanted Korea?
- Russia
- What was the result of the Russo-Japanese war?
- russia signed treaty granting japan control over korea
- What are the two archipelagos in Southeast asia?
- East Indes, Philippines
- Indonesia had many natural resourses like what?
- rich soil: coffee, pepper, cinnmon, sugar, indigo, tea; tin, copper; ebony , teak, etc.
- What system did the Dutch govt use (method of forced labor) on the islands of SE asia?
- culture system
- What is the spread of european culture?
- westernization
- Who was the native prince from the island of Java that started a revolt against the dutch in 1825?
- Diponegoro
- Who ruled the philippines?
- spanish
- When the US declared war on the Spanish in 1898, what did it promise the philippines?
- make it independ. if they'd help in the war
- Did the US keep its promise to the philippines after the Spanish-American War?
- no
- Why did the British and French struggle for power over SE asia?
- military reasons
- What is the region that includes present-day Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos?
- Indochina
- What is the capital of Siam?
- Bangkok
- Who invaded Bangkok?
- french
- What did the monroe document claim?
- europe couldn't colonize the american continents, and if they do, they'll take it as a threat
- What country was the US trying to help when passing the Monroe doct?
- Latin americas
- What is the settlement by a third party?
- arbitration
- Why did Britain agree to a peaceful settlement with the US concerning Venezuela?
- US threatened with the monroe doctrine
- Why was cuba important to spain?
- spain reaped huge profits from the islands sugar and tobacco plantations
- Who led cubans in a revolution against the Spanish?
- Jose Marti
- What happened after the Cuban revolution?
- cubans sent to prison camps- 400,000+ died
- What impact did the Cuban imprisonment have on the citizens of the US?
- they wanted to declare war against spain and help cuba
- Who ordered the battleship MAINE to Cuba, where it blew up?
- McKinley
- How long did the spanish-american war last?
- four months
- What was the result of the spanish american war?
- US got new territories
- What was built to help the US move its fleet from the Pacific ocean to the atlantic ocean?
- panama canal
- Who succeeded in finding a way to get the panama canal built?
- theodore roosevelt
- How did Roosevelt get Panama to let them build the canal?
- negotiate treat (didn't work) then had citizens rebel against the gvt
- What was the result of the american-inspired revolt in panama?
- republic of panama
- Why did the US continue to exert its power over latin america after the canal was built?
- canal gave it more power
- What did roosevelt do to the monroe doctrine?
- "roosevelt corollary" -> US = polic power to force Latin American countries to honor their debts
- What did the conservatives favor?
- orderly gvt in hands of wealthy, catholic church, military
- What did the conservatives in Mexico favor?
- orderly gvt in hands of wealthy, catholic church, military
- What did the liberals in Mexico favor?
- limits of power of military and church, break up large estates, etc
- Who was the native american lawyer who was voted the president of mexico?
- Benito Juarez
- Who succeeded Juarez as Mexican pres?
- Porfirio Diaz
- Whose presidency was the longest in Mexico?
- Porfirio Diaz
- How did Porfirio Diaz ensure law and order?
- relied on the army, stifled individual freedoms
- Who overthrew Porfirio Diaz?
- mestizos, native americans
- Who was the leader of the new mexican gvt after Porfirio Diaz was thrown out?
- Francisco Madero
- Who assasinated Francisco Madero?
- Huerta
- Who tried to throw out Huerta? (US PERSON)
- woodrow wilson
- How did wilson throw out huerta?
- ordered the marines to seize the mexican port of veracruz, shut off his supplies
- After Huerta, what 3 leaders emerged?
- Carranza, Villa, and Zapata
- Why did Villa go on an anti-american killing spree?
- upset that the us recognized carranza as the pres not him
- Why did the US leave mexico?
- WWI