Animal Health 11
Terms
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- What are three alternative ways of medical treatment?
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-acupuncture
-chiropractic
-homeopathic - What was the "Yellow Emperor's Classic on Internal Medicine"?
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-most important book of traditional Chinese medicine
-set standards and described the philosophy of acupuncture
-incorporated principles into the Nei Ching around 700 BC -
What does Acupuncture mean?
When was this term for used and by whom? -
-"Puncturing with needles"
-late 1600's by the Dutchman Wilhelm Ten Rijn - What does IVAS stand for and when was it formed?
- -International Veterinary Acupuncture Society in 1974
- What theory is the basic one for Chinese acupuncture?
- Yin-Yang theory
- What does Yin represent?
- -a negative, passive quality such as the moon, autumn, winter, north, and west.
- What does Yang represent?
- -a positive, active quality such as the sun, summer, spring, east, and south
- How is balance achieved in the Yin-Yang theory?
- -Yin and Yang constantly interact and react with each other
- What does the Yin-Yang theory separate body organs into?
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Two categories of:
ts'ang and fu - Describe ts'ang organs (3) and list 5 organs
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-Yin
-generally responsible for absorption, transformation, and transportation of nutritive elements
relatively solid
-heart, pericardium, liver, spleen, kidney - What are 3 traits of fu organs? What are 6 such organs?
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-Yang
-generally responsible for storage and excretion
-hollow
-gall bladder, sm intestine, lg intestine, stomach, urinary bladder, triple burner - According to the Yin-Yang theory, when does disease occur?
- -When the Yin-Yang balance in the body is upset.
- What theory is the basic dynamic energy of the universe?
- -Ch'i
- How does acupuncture use Ch'i?
- -it attempts to correct the imbalances between yin and yang (disease) by manipulating Ch'i
- How does Ch'i move through the body?
- -it moves in a specific pattern throughout the body
- What is the Meridian theory?
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-The use of acupuncture points
-"Ching lo theory" -
What are the large channels called?
Small channels? -
-ching mo
-lo mo - How do the channels work in the Ching lo theory (3)?
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-form interconnecting pathways on the surface & interior of the body
-provide a network linking individual acupuncture points on teh body to to visceral organs
-channels promote circulation of Ch'i and blood, so that the ts'ang and fu organs & other tissues can be properly nourished, maintain normal physiologic activities and sustain a healthy equilibrium of yin and yang - How do you use acupuncture points to form a diagnosis of visceral organ?
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-a diseased visceral organ cuases tender points along the related meridian
-these points along with an exam form an educational basis - What is the purpose of therapeutic acupuncture?
- -to attempt to keep the balance of yin and yang in the body through the manupulation of Ch'i by the needle
- What are 9 methods of stimulation for acupuncture?
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-dry needle (most common)
-electro
-aqua
-moxibustion
-bleeding
-injection
-implantation
-acupressure
-laser stimulation - What things vary depending on what is being treated?
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-method of point stimulation
-length of treatment
-frequency - What is the Western Scientific theory of acupuncture?
- Stimulation of specific predetermined points on the bodys to achieve a therapeutic or homeostatic effect
- Where are the acupuncture points in general?
- Areas on the skin of decreased electrical resistance or increased electrical conductivity
- What is a Type I acupuncture point?
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1. Motor points
2. Pnt near where nerve enters muscle
3. Pnt in a muscle which when electrical stimulation is applied will produce a max contraction w/min intensity of stimulation - Where are Type II acupuncture points located?
- On superficial nerves
- Where are Type III acupuncture points located?
- At high density foci of superficial nerves & nerve plexi
- Where are Type IV acupuncture points located?
- At muscle/tendon junctions
- Which Type of acupuncture point (ie; Type I, II, III, or IV) makes up 67% of all points?
- Type I makes up 67% of all points
- What are the three physiological mechanism theories proposed for accupuncture?
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1. Neural Opiate Theory
2. Hormonal Opiate Theory
3. Autonomic Theory - What is released and what do they do under the neural opiate theory?
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1. Endogenous opiates, endorphins and encephalins secondary to nerve stimulation
2. Inhibits pain perception - What is the thought behind the hormonal opiate theory?
- Interaction of nerve stimulation w/the release of hormones from the brain
- What is the "thought" behind autonomic theory of acupuncture?
- Cutaneous needle stimulation is transmitted to the internal organs through the somatovisceral (nerve to organ) connections in the spinal cord
- What is the long ass winded definition of Chiropractic? (I would call this more a philisophic definition)
- Science and art based on the inherent recuperative powers of the body & relationship b/w the nervous system & spinal column, including its immediate articulations & role of this relationship in restoration/maintenance of health
- What is the other little blurp of a definition of Chiropractic? (this is more a science def)
- The science of locating & eliminating subluxatins from the spine
- WHat does chiropractors deal most exclusively with?
- The pathologies and dysfunction created by vertebral subluxations
- What are the pathological chain of events that lead to Subluxations (I think these lead to subluxations)
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1. Vertebral misalignment
2. Neuropathy
3. Kinesiopathy
4. Neurological or biomechanical dysfunction
5. Degeneration & tissue death - What does initial misalignment result from? (chiropractic)
- From trauma to the vertebrae or from noxious stimuli to the nervous system
- What is a vertebral subluxation complex? (chiropractic)
- Clinical entity of disrelationship of 2 vertebrae in a motor unit resulting in disturbance of normal function
- What is a motor unit? (chiropractic)
- 2 adjacent vertebrae and their associated structures
- What are the two kinesiopathy components? (chiropractic)
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1. Hypomobility
2. Hypermobility - What is hypomobility? (chiropractic)
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1. Fixation or lack of motion in the motor unit
2. Stiffness, pain, arthritis, disc degeneration - What is hypermobility? (chiropractic)
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1. Increased motion in motor unit
2. Stress on ligamentous components as well as joint capsule-pain - What are the two neuropathy components of subluxations? (chiropractic)
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1. Facilitation
2. Inhibition - What is Facilitation? (chiropractic)
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1. nerve hyperactivity in response to damage/stress
2. End organ stimulation - What is inhibition? (chiropractic)
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1. Sustained pressure leading to nerve degeneration
2. Muscle atrophy, gland dysfunction, sensory anaesthesia - In general misalignment creates numerous problems including (chiropractic):
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1. Crowding of contents of invertebral formen
2. Tension on meningeal tissues
3. alterations in invertebral disc mechanics
4. spasm of spinal musculature
5. Stresses on ligamentous tissues - What do the misalignment problems cause? (chiropractic)
- Pain and altered movement, performance, etc.
- What is chiropractic manipulation?
- Correction of the vertebral subluxation complex
- The adjustment is a specific method in which subluxated vertebrae are replaced into normal spinal alignment, what does it involve?
- Short lever, high velocity, specific and controlled thrusts by hand or instrument that are directed at specific articulations and intended to restore biomechanical & neurologic function
- So, the adjustments contain briefly what? (chiropractic manipulation)
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1. specific vertebrae
2. specific direction
3. specific force
4. specific time - What is the success of chiropractic adjustment based on?
- The restoration of joint function & the disappearance of signs and symptoms
- Along the topic of chiropractic adjustment success, kinesiopathy & neuropathy can be reversed if...?
- Tissue destruction has not yet occured
- Who created Homeopathy, What does "homoios" mean? What about "pathy"?
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Dr. Samuel Hahnemann
Homoios = similiar
Pathy = suffering - What is the basic principle of Homeopathy?
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1. Treating like w/like
2. Simile principle/Law of Similars - How is a homeopathic remedy selected?
- For its ability to produce similar signs or symptoms in a healthy individual to those experienced by the patient
- So I guess we have a disease picture and a drug picture. What's the goal of Homeopathy?
- To match these pictures as closely as possible
- What does homeopathic medicine accomplish by stimulatin the same symptoms?
- Assists the body's natural forces for recovery. (Immune stimulation?)
- What are 5 homeopathic medicine types?
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1. Plant vegetable substances
2. Animal Substances
3. Chemical elements & minerals
4. Biological sources
5. Mother tinctures - What percentage of all remedies do plant vegetable substances make up? (Homeopathy)
- 60%
- What kind of plants are used in plant vegetable homeopathy?
- Flowers, whole plants, leaves, stems, bark, woods, roots, buds, berries, fruits, seeds, bulbs, corn
- What percentage of all remedies do animal substances make up? (Homeopathy)
- 20%
- What kind of animal substances are used in homeopathy?
- bees, beetles, snake venom, cuttlefish juice
- What are some chemicale elements/minerals used in homeopathy?
- NaCl, Charcoals, Lead, CaCO2
- What are the two categories of biological sources for homeopathy?
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1. Sarcodes
2. Nosodes - What are some examples of sarcodes? (homeopathy)
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1. fresh organs, glandular or tissue extracts removed from healthy pigs, sheep or cattle
2. Pancreas, adrenals, kidney - What are some examples of nosodes? (homeopathy)
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1. morbid or diseased tissues
2. ex: pus - What is used for mother tinctures? (homeopathy)
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1. The biological sources purified and in their most conventrated forms
2. they are then serially diluted until they are present in very minute amounts - What are methods of administration of these homeopathic medicines?
- liquids, tablets, pills (pilules), granules, powders, ointments, creams, injectables, suppositories
- Homeopathy is treatment of what (philisophical)
- Physical and mental