culture test 2
Terms
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- what is the name of the man who calls the faithful to prayer?
- the wazum
- what areas of influence did Islam affect?
- science, math, medicine, western civilization
- Do Muslims worship Muhammad?
- No, they worship his message from God
- When and where was Muhammad born?
- 570 A.D. on the Arabian Peninsula
- Orphaned as a child, where did Muhammad go to live and with whom? What town was he from?
- He was from Mecca and he went to live with the Bedouin, specifically his Uncle the chief of his clan.
- What is the name for the nomads?
- the Bedouin
- What place did poets hold in Bedouin society?
- most important/respected people because they link tribe to ancestors.
- Where were the tribal Gods kept?
- in the Kabbah (arabic for the cube)
- What was the significance of the Kabbah as a sanctuary?
- held sacred black stone that fell from the sky--place of peace for the Bedouin.
- What town is the Kabbah in?
- Mecca
- The Arabian Peninsula linked the west and east through what?
- Trade: Byzantine, Persia, Chinese
- What was the name of Muhammad's first wife?
- Hadija
- Muhammad was a merchant and a mediator, by what name did he become known as?
- "the trusted one" "el amin"
- How did the first revelation of God come to Muhammad?
- in a cave above Mecca, an Angel vision reciting the Qur'an "there is only 1 God"
- How was the Qur'an originally passed along?
- stories, by word of mouth-oral tradition but eventually needed written
- Why did the tribal leaders decide to oppose Muhammad?
-
the other prophets had had miracles and the only miracle he had was the Qur'an itself.
Didn't want him taking control. - What year did his uncle and Hadija die?
- 619 A.D.
- What was the name of the refuge for Muhamad and his followers?
- Yathrib
- 622 marks the Muslim year 1. What was the significance of that year?
- The Hijra, the journey of the start of Islam of a caravan bound by religion.
- What did Yathrib become known as?
- "the city of the prophet," Medina
- What do Muslims call Christians and Jews?
- People of the Book
- How many years did the struggle continue?
- 3 years
- What year did Muhammad seize Mecca?
- 630 A.D.
- How many times did Muhammad revolve around the Kabbah destroying the idols?
- 7 times
- How long did it take Islam to spread from Spain to China?
- 200 years
- True or False? As Islam conquered it squashed other religious laws as it spread.
- False
- What is Islam's first great work of art?
- the Dome of the Rock
- What is th ereligious significance of the the Dome of the Rock to Muslims?
- built in a city oly to Christians and Jews, the place Ibrahim almost sacrificed his son in Jerusalem.
- What year did Muhammad die?
- 632 A.D.
- Who did the Shiites believe was Muhammad's successor?
- Ali, his son-in-law and cousin
- Who do the Sunni believe was Muhammad's successor?
- Abu Bakr, they believe should choose among elders.
- Explain the economical and cultural significance of the Hajj.
- devotional/ritual unity and equality among all people. Goods/ideas/traders to Mecca.
- What was the heart of the Islamic empire in the 8th & 9th century?
- Baghdad
- What was Baghdad renown for?
- architectural achievement (mosques, gardens etc.) center of learning "house of wisdom"
- What are 2 reasons Islam produced such advances in math, science, medicine and archeology?
- best people/thinkers/philosophers came to Baghdad from all over. Need for science advances and competition for jobs.
- Describe Cordoba in the 10th Century.
- Center of learning/culture that rivaled Baghdad. "city of light" running h20, street lights,biggest mosques, most prosperous/enlightened.
- Describe Europe in the 10th Century.
-
the Dark Ages
lived in shacks
no running h20 - What caused the beginning of the rift between Christianity and Islam?
- 1009 Egypt leader El Hakem burned down holy bldg. for Christians in Jerusalem.
- What year was the first crusader seen in the Islamic Empire?
- 1095 A.D.
- What year did the crusaders reach Jerusalem?
-
1097 A.d.
July 15 1099 - Did the spread of Islam stop with the Crusades?
- No, Islam continued to flourish
- Who invented the check?
- Muslims, could be written in Spain & cashed in India.
- Where did the Arabs learn to fold steel?
- the Persians taught them
- What was the backbone of the Arab wealth?
- Textiles (Kashmir, Cotton, Silk)
- Who was Saladin?
- most famous Muslim. 1187 leader of muslims that defeated the crusaders. Took Jerusalem back.
- When did the Mongols take Baghdad?
- 13th Century. Feb. 10 1258
- What did the Mongols bring to Islam?
- opened the world, converted and became greatest patrons, transformed Islam. Brought gun powder and new mosques.
- The Ottomon Turks began as a nomadic people. Who enlisted them as mercenaries?
- Muslim Sultans to fight off the Mongols.
- What was the name of the first Ottoman Turkish Warlord?
- Osman Bay
- How did the capture of Bursa change the Turkish Empire?
- enabled them to establish a seat of the gov't-settled down to build empire and set it up as their capital.
- What did the Ottomans bring to Islam?
- taxation, record-keeping, beauracracy, organization
- How did the Sultan avoid feuds from Tribal, provincial, or familial loyalties?
- had the army made up of all sorts of people.
- What were the Janissaries?
- sultan's elite infantry, christian children raised by empire and converted to Islam.
- What year was Constantinople conquered and by whom?
- Memet the Conquerer, May 9 1453
- Salayman was known as the Magnificent for what reasons?
- Taking Rhodes/Belgrade. Lawgiver. For Architecture (domed mosques) Refurbished Dome of the Rock. Had magnificent palace in Istanbul.
- Who was Sulayman's rival to the east and why?
- Safavid Empire, moving into muslim world (shiite) Turkish, Savavites waged Shiite was vs. the Ottoman.
- What was significant about Vienna?
- would drive dart into the Hapsberg Empire and open the door to the West.
- How was Sulayman a tragic figure?
- wife and son plotted to overthrow him, put own son to death and wife died shortly after. Best friend Ibrahim murdered by wife. Died trying to take Hungary.