WS2 Final
Terms
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- Eastern Front
- no trenches- Germany and Austria Hungary vs Russia
- Schlieffen Plan
- to go through belgium and attack france by suprise but didt work becasue belgium resisted thier troops moving through thier land
- Triple Entente
- signed by france, GB, abd Russia, they became known as the allies
- Black Hand
- secret terrorist group who assinated Francis Ferdinand
- blank check/Austrias Ultimatum
-
BC: promise of uncinditional support from germany to A-H
AU:the final set of demands- Austria to Serbia after they kiled the archduke, no anti-austrian groups ad punished people involved in the murder and said they could come freely into serbia and hold an investigation - Western Front/War of Attrition
-
WF: germanys western front GERMANY and A-H vs. GB and FRANCE
WofA: trench warfare where they wait to attack until someone moves from the other side - Belgium
- Resisted Germanys army goig through thier country which destroyed the Schlieffen Plan
- Allied Powers/Central Powers
-
AP: FRANCE, GB, RUSSIA
CP: GERMANY, A-H, OTTOMAN EMPIRE, ITALY - Home Front
- war at home where people sacraficed to support war (rationing food)
- propaganda
- spreading of ideas to promote or demote a cause
- technology/trenches/tanks/subs
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TECH: using modern weapons such as machine gus, long range artillary, poison gas, and gas masks, tanks, zeeplins/airplanes, U-boats, convoys, barbed wire, flae throwers, wireless radio
TRENCHES: soldiers lived inside so they were not exposed to open "no-mans land"
TANKS: not always reliable but could travle over the rough land and transport guns
SUBS: hide under water, subarine warfare - Lusitania/Zimmerman Note
-
L: cruise line ship that was sunk with many GB and US passengers on it
ZN: A telgram that was "supposdely" intercepted from Germany to Mexico saying if they helped fight, germany would repay them by helping them gain back thier land from the US - armstice
- greement to stop fighting, noone wins, noone looses
- Fourteen Points
- by Wilson (US) based on self-determination, terms to resolve and prevent war
- League of Nations
- based on ideas of cllective security, all the nations coming together and working out thier differences without war
- Treaty of Versailles/war guilt/demilitarize/reperations/mandate
- TofV: allies ordered new german republic to sign it, had war guilt clause: allies ordered germany to assume ful blame for war, and huge reperations: payment for all the damage of the war, mandate: colonies owned by german were to be administraed by other powers
- Polish Corridor/Sudatenland/new nations
-
PC: a piece of land thrugh germany so that poland had access to trade which took away germanys main port
SLAND: land taked away from Germany that took away most of germanys industry
new nations: Finland, Latia, Estonia, Lithuania and Poland - Civil War/ North/ South
- Civil War: war between noth and south and freeing of the south and orth won becasue ut was nore idustuakuzed ad more wealthy than the south
- Emancipation Proclimation
- said enslaved arfican americans were declared free only in the confederate states of the South
- Civil War Amendments
-
13: union is put back together and all slaves are freed
14:freed slaves are citizes and have all the same rights as others (white men)
15: African American men have the right to vote - Nintenth Amendment
- gave american suffragist (WOMEN) the right to vote
- Extraterritorial Rights
- te right to live under own laws and be tried in your own court
- Opium
- mellow addicting drug
- Boxers
- group of chinese that formed a secret society for rightous harmonious fists
- Opium War
- British sold opium to the chinese and chinese became addicted and so chinas govt. out-lawed it and told GB to stop and GB refused and the war started and GB won
- Open Door Policy
- to keep chinese trade open for everyone on an equal basis
- Boxer Rebellion
- boxers attacked all foreigners and soon crushed by multi-national forces
- sphere of influence
- an area in which an outside force claims exclusive investment of trading privlages
- geopolitics
- the relationship btwn the land and politics and it is important to govt and has straegic value
- Boers
- descents of Dutch farmers who were migrating north from cape colonies and a combo of Dutch and Africans who were farmers
- Great Trek
- a journey of boer famalies north away from GB rule to take over them
- Berlin Conference
- a conference in 1884-85 that decided for freed trade on the congo and niger rivers and no claim on africa unless a govt was setup there
- Direct and Indirect Control
-
D: adapt and becomne european, goal: was assimilation, ruled by european controling countries
I: run by peoplead local rulers - sepoys
- indian soldiers who worked for GB and its service in india and overseas
- Sepoy Rebellion/Mutiny
- teh sepoys revolted against the GB when they were ordered to bite off cartridges that were sealed with cow and pig fat which was illegal to them so they were put in jail
- Indian National Congress
- formed by nationaist leaders ad became the congress party, self-rule but supported westerinization moderization and idependence
- imperialism
- the doinatio by one cournty of the political economic or cultural life by another country or region
- Social Darwinsim
- survival of the fittest for humans
- Sati
- banned a hidu practice mainly by the upper-class wehre widows joined her hurband's death by throwing herself onto his funeral fire
- Raj
- a system of colonial rule British goverened in the name of the queen an help top positions
- Muhammad Ali
- ambitious soldier appointed to govenor of egypt by the ottomans (father of modern egypt)
- Florence Nightingale
- a british nurse
- Ci Xi
- 1880 emperess who gained power of china and ruled with a strong rule but surrendered to confucious ideas
- Livingstone/Stanley
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L: best known explorer and missionary
S: journalist who went to africa to find livingstone
together:opened the inerior of Africa - Shaka
- raged relentless wars and conquered nearby people and connected people who was a leader of the Zulus
- March REvolution
- revolution in russia where children were starving from the war so women marched to st petersburgh and soldiers did not fight
- Caudillos
- strong men that assembeledrivate armies to resst the central govt.
- Bolsheviks
- an elite revolutionary party that represented a small percent of socialist, russian marxists
- Shogun
- supreme miliary dictator who ruled japan in the 1600s
- Menchiviks
- a socialist group in russia wo believed in marxists, but believed in slow changes
- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- gave up a huge chunk of russias territoy and population to gerany becasue it enabled them to pull out of WWI
- Civil War/whites/reds
-
CW: fought between reds and whites
RED: communists aka BOL
WHITES: everyoe but the BOL, diorgaized and made of many groups - Saumri
- member of the warrior class in japanese futal society
- Meiji Resteration
- major turning point in japan history, they studied western ways, learned abot western govt, economics, technology, customs, and brought experts to japan and sent samuri to tudy abrod
- Treaty of Kanagawa
- opened to japanese ports for the US but not for trade
- New Economic Poilcy
- said that small business were allowed to re-ope for private profit
- Siam
- kingdom between GB ruled Birma and french indo-china
- War COmmunism
- communists adapted, govt takes over banks, mines, factories, R.R. and forced people to do work
- Soviet
- people used voices and opinions, council or workers, self-govt
- Spanish American War
- started with Cubas attempts to win independece from spain US WON
- Dominion
- a dself-governing nation
- Hawaiian Islands/annexation
- American sugar growers pressed for power in the HAW. islands they had queeen resist foreign influence and so US planters overthrew her then asked US to annex HAWAII
- Alexandra, Alexis, and Rasputin
- ALEX: married to tsar nicholas II her son is ALEXIS with a disease known hemophillia and was sured by RASPUTIN a serbian holy man
- Tsar Nicholas II
- tsar of Russia and he ruled during the revolution and WWI abdicated the throne and later assinated by REDS
- Lenin
- born into middles class and revoutionist who was the RED leader and he exiled to serbia then back to russia with help of germans