Ancient China
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- What Chinese product was prized as the finest in the world?
- porcelain
- Why is the Hwang He river called the "River of Sorrows"?
- the loess settles to the bottom of the river causing to flood the surrounding homes and farmland
- In the process of silk making, who was responsible for taking care of the silkworms and turning the cocoons into thread?
- women
- Who was the chief or main god of the Shang Dynasty?
- Shang Di
- Why did the women of the Tang Dynasty bind their feet?
- it became a symbol of female nobility
- What caused the collapse of the first empire (Qin)?
- Shi Huangdi died
-
Which dynasty can be credited for the following achievements:
365 1/4 day calendar
silk making
book making
astronomy - seeing Hailey's comet - Zhou Dynasty
- What was an important effect of having a system of writing?
- it fostered unity among the different regions of China
- During the Tang and Song Dynasties, how could merchants move up to the gentry class?
- purchase of land and education
- Put the following social classes of the Tang and Song Dynasties in the correct order: gentry, merchants, peasants
- gentry, peasants, merchants
- What were the five relationships of Confucianism?
-
father/son
elder brother/younger brother
husband/wife
ruler/subject
friend/friend
- What is the Yin and Yang?
-
a delicate balance in the universe between two forces
Yin - earth, darkness, and female forces
Yang - heaven, light, and male forces - Why were merchants below the peasants in the Tang and Song Dynasties?
- because they made their money off of others
- How long was the Silk Road?
- 4,000 miles
- Legalism was based on the teachings of whom?
- Hanfeizi
- Why is the Chinese language so difficult to learn?
- students must memorize up to 10,000 characters
- Why was Sui Wendi so important?
- reunited north and south China and led the way for the Tang and Song Dynasties
- What advances in farming allowed the Zhou to grow more food?
- iron axes and ox-drawn iron plows
- Who had the Great Wall of China built?
- Shi Huangdi
- define veneration of ancestors
- the ancestors would serve as messengers for their families prayers and would take them to Shang Di
- What was the purpose of the Great Wall and did it work?
- to keep invaders out and no, it did not work
-
What were the barriers of the
west/southwest
southeast
north
east? -
west/southwest - mountains such as the Tien Shan and Himilayans and deserts
southeast - jungles
north - Gobi deserts
east - pacific ocean - How did Taoist feel about govenment?
- the best government was one that governed the least
- What was the social hierarchy (upper, middle and lower classes) of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties?
-
1. emperors, kings, nobles
2. merchants
3. peasants - Which dynasty is associated with burning books on literature and philosophy?
- Qin Dynasty
- Why is the Huang He River also known as the Yellow River?
- the loess that settles into it gives it a yellow color
- define li
- ideal way of behaving
- define mandate of heaven
-
divine right to rule
- What was the best type of ruler according to Confucious?
- The best ruler was a virtuous man who led by example.
- Who was the founder of Confuncianism?
- Confucious
- define ren
- all encompassing virtue of good conduct
- Were the people of the Zhou Dynasty polytheistic or monotheistic?
- polytheistic
-
What emperor can be credited with the following sweeping changes?
uniform weights and measures
uniform writing
improving roads and canals
law on uniform cart axles - Shi Huangdi
- What became China's most valuable export during the Zhou Dynasty?
- silk
- What did Wang Chong believe?
- no scientific theories should be accepted unless they were supported by proof
- define loess
- fine yellow soil
- Who was Gao Zu and how did he become emperor?
- an illiterate peasant who led rebellion - claimed mandate of heaven to take over and establish Han dynasty
- What types of goods were brought into China from the silk road?
- ostrich eggs, grapes, figs, cucumbers, and walnuts
- define filial piety
- respect for parents above all other duties
- When and why was Buddhism more popular?
- It was more popular in times of crisis because it offered salvation - one thing the others did not
- Which of the following had the greatest emphasis on education: Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, or Legalism?
- Confucianism
- Who was the most famous Han emperor?
- Wudi
- What type of government was the Qin Dynasty?
- legalist
- define alchemy
- trying to turn ordinary metals into gold
-
Which Han emperor can be credited with the following achievements?
set up Imperial Univerisities
repaired roads and canals
set up granaries
set up a monopoly on iron and salt
chose officials from Confucianism - Wudi
- define pagoda
- a multistoried temple with eaves that curve up at the corners
- What two Dynasties were considered the Golden Ages?
- Tang and Song
- What was the main goal of the Taoist?
- to find "the way"
- When Shi Huangdi began his crackdown on dissent, how did he do it and who was hardest hit?
- he jailed, tortured, or killed feudal nobles and Confucian Scholars
- define gentry
- wealthy landowners
- Why did the Han Dynasty collapse?
-
peasant revolts
corruption in government
roads and canals fell apart
powerful warlords were hard to control - During the Tang and Song Dynasties how could peasants move up to the gentry class?
- government service and education
- How did the silk road begin?
- Wudi sent army looking for horses and sent gifts of silk to cement alliances
- When did women enjoy a higher status?
- early Tang and Song times
- What did Cai Lan invent?
- paper
- What was the most respected form of Chinese literature during the Tang and Song Dynasties?
- poetry
- Where was the Song Dynasty located?
- south of the Huang He river
- Why was Buddhism hard to accept when it first began arriving in China?
- difficulties in translating from Sanskrit to Chinese - Chinese valued family loyalty (filial piety) while Buddhism honored those who left thier families
-
Which Dynasty can be credited with the following achievements?
paper making
fishing reels
wheel barrows
suspension bridges
ship rudders
- The Han Dynasty
- Under Emperor Wudi, where were the Chinese outposts located?
- Korea, N. Vietnam, Tibet and Central Asia
- According, to Legalism how could social order be achieved?
- passing strict laws and enforcing them with harsh punishments
- Who was the founder of Buddhism?
- Guatama
- What led to the collapse of the Tang Dynasty?
-
government corruption
high taxes
drought, famine, rebellion -
Who can the following inventions be credited to?
dyes, gunpowder, medicine, and porcelain - Taoist
- Who was the founder of Taoism?
- Laozi
- What type of government was the Han Dynasty?
- Confucianist
- What did Tang Taizong do to help the government and economy?
-
uniform system of writing
civil service exams
set up schools
developed flexible law code
built canals and damns - What was the best type of ruler according to the Legalists?
- one that ruled with strength, not virtue
- How large were some of the cities of the Song Dynasty?
- over one million
- How did Buddhism get to China?
- by merchants and missionaries who traveled to China
- How were the Chinese able to develop calendars and timekeeping pieces?
- observing and measuring movement of the stars and planets
- What is the symbol used by the Taoist?
- yin and yang
- What did Ban Zhao do and say?
- Wrote Lessons for Women - thought boys and girls should have equal education and stressed obedience and submission for women
- How did Taoist feel about education?
- had no need for intelligence
- Who was the most admired of ALL Chinese emperors?
- Tang Taizong