US History 2
second semester us history exam terms
Terms
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- Push/Pull Factors
- events and conditions that either force people to move elsewhere or strongly attract them to do so
- Transcontinental Railroad
- railway extending from coast to coast
- Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
- the area extending from Manchuria to the Dutch East Indie in which Japan would expand its influence
- Allies
- WWI - Russia, France, Serbia, GB WWII - GB, US, Soviets
- Fourteen Points
- Wilson's proposal in 1918 for a postwar European peace
- Convoy
- group of unarmed ships surrounded by a ring of armed naval vessels
- Pearl Harbor
- japan bombed
- Reconstruction
- repair the damage to the South caused by the Civil War and restore the southern states to the Union
- Price Controls
- system of pricing determined by government
- Lebensraum
- german for living room, Germanys goal
- Immigrant experiences
- bad
- Battle of Britain
- biggest air raid of all time by German
- Immigrant patterns
- getting work
- John D. Rockefeller
- oil. horizontal
- Sharecropper
- farmer tends some portion of planter's land and receives a share of the crop at harvest time as a payment
- Nuremberg Trials
- former Nazi leaders were charged with crimes against peace, humanity, and war crimes
- Hiroshima
- first site of atomic bomb
- 13th amendment
- abolish slavery
- Joseph Stalin
- USSR, communist
- "Final Solution"
- Hitler's idea for getting rid of Jews
- American Expeditionary Force
- name given to American troops in Europe in WWI
- Nagasaki
- second atomic bombing site
- William Hearst
- published New York Journal. one of the original yellow journalists; constantly competed with pulitzer for circulation of newspaper; runs the story of the USS Maine, starting the Span-Amer war
- Adolf Hitler
- Nazi Germany
- Treaty of Versailles
- ended WWI, set up WWII by messing up terms
- Patent
- a license that gives an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a set period of time
- Lincoln's reconstruction
- 10 percent plan
- Monopoly
- complete control of a product or service
- Resistance in France
- movement in france that opposed German occupation during WWII
- Propaganda
- information intended to sway public opinion
- Mein Kampf
- Hitlers autobiography, "my struggle"
- Collaboration
- close cooperation
- Samuel F. B. Morse
- morse code, telegraph
- Panama Canal
- a canal
- Anti-Semitism
- hostility or discrimination towards Jews
- Liberty Ships
- large sturdy merchant ships built in WWII
- Bataan Death March
- march of American and Filipino prisoners by Japanese soldiers
- Tojo Hideki
- japan
- Spanish-American War
- fighting against spanish over territory, rio grande river
- Tenant Farmer
- person rents land to farm from a planter
- V-J Day
- Victory Japan Day
- Business Boom
- industrialization
- Naziism
- extreme form of facism in created by Hitler and his ideas about German nationalism and superiority
- Dollar Diplomacy
- Taft, throw money at the problem
- Central Powers
- WWi - Germany and Austria Hungary
- Lusitania
- what got sunk by the Germans
- Manhattan Project
- US secret research for atomic bomb
- Jazz Age
- 1920s
- Land Speculators
- person who buys up large areas of land in the hope of selling them later for profit
- 14th amendment
- citizens equal protection under the law
- Rosie the Riveter
- symbol for women participation in the WWII
- Neville Chamberlin
- appeased hitler and gave him sudatenland
- Settlement Movement
- settling down
- Zimmerman Note
- telegraph sent by Germany's foreign secretary to Mexican officials proposing an alliance with Mexico and promising the US territory if Mexico declared war on the US
- Island hopping
- a military strategy used during WWII that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others
- Nationalism
- devotion to one's nation
- Manchurian Incident
- Japanese troops, claiming that Chinese had tried to blow up a railway, captured several Manchurian cities and continuing to take over country after Chinese troops withdrew
- Andrew Carnegie
- steel, vertical
- Johnson Impeachment
- fired someone who was on tenure, only republican, democrats looking for reason to get rid of him
- Joseph Pulitzer
- author
- Tenements
- low-cost apartment building that often has poor standards of sanitation, safety, and comfort, and is designed to house as many families as possible
- Selective Service Act of 1917
- authorizing a draft of young men for military service in WWI
- Economies of Scale
- as a production increases, the cost of each item produced is often lowered
- Moral Diplomacy
- Wilson. spread democracy, fight for what he thought was right
- Neutrality Acts
- laws designed to keep the US out of future wars
- Fascism
- emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group, and the supreme authority of the leader over that of the individual
- Mass Media
- print and broadcast methods of communicating information to large numbers of people
- Pardon
- an official forgiveness of a crime
- D-Day
- code name for the allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944
- Axis Powers
- WWII, Germany, Italy, and Japan
- Cash and Carry
- WWII policy requiring nations at war to pay cash for all nonmilitary goods and to be responsible for transporting the goods from the US
- Flappers
- 1920s new type of young woman; rebellious, energetic, and bold
- War Bonds
- bonds bought to support the war
- George Westinghouse
- electricity
- Homestead Act
- law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens who met certain conditions
- Arguments for US expansion
- restore the american spirit, humanitarian reasons, military bases, new markets
- Arguments against US expansion
- wasn't helping anyone, just doing it for money
- Ku Klux Klan's goal for Reconstruction
- get rid of blacks and terrorize them
- Winston Churchill
- Great Britain
- Imperialism
- stronger nation to attempt to create an empire by dominating the weaker nations economically, politically, culturally, or militarilly
- Roosevelt Corollary
- extension of the Monroe Doctrine in which he asserted the right of the US to intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations
- Prohibition
- outlawing alcohol
- Mining, Ranching, and Farming opportunities after the Civil War
- sharecropping, tenant farms
- Armistice
- a cease fire or truce
- US Home Front (WWII)
- victory gardens, industry all towards war efforts
- Progressive Era
- a variety of reforms were enacted at the local, state, and federal levels
- Child Labor
- urbanization, factories
- Robber Barons
- people who were wealthy and bad
- V-E Day
- Victory Europe Day
- Nativism
- policy favoring native-born americans or immigrants
- Reparations
- payment from an enemy for economic injury suffered during a war
- Sphere of Influence
- area of economic and political control exerted by one nation over another nation or other nations
- New Deal
- Roosevelt's relief, recovery, and reform to combat the Great Depression
- Vertical Consolidation
- process of gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all phases of a product's development
- Mobilization
- the readying of troops for war
- Alliances
- part of the powder keg, triple entente, Triple Alliance, allies, central powers
- Battle of Stalingrad
- turing point, Germany trying to take over Stalingrad to get to sea for oil
- Purges
- removing enemies/competition
- Sussex Pledge
- pledge by Germans that its submarines would warn ships before attacking
- Battle of the Bulge
- WWII, German forces launched a final counterattack in the west
- Mass production
- production of goods in great amounts
- Impeach
- charge a public official with wrongdoing in office
- Victory Gardens
- home vegetable gardens created to boost food production during WWII
- Platt Amendment
- gave the US the right to establish naval bases in Cuba and to intervene in Cuban affairs whenever necessary
- Militarism
- aggressively building up a nation's armed forces in preparation of war, as well as giving the military more authority over the government and foreign policy
- Social Darwinism
- society should do as little as possible to interfere with people's pursuit of sucess
- Bessemer Process
- A process for making steel more efficiently
- Open Door Policy
- american approach so China around 1900, favoring open trade relations btw China and other nations
- Japanese Internment
- US put Japanese in internment camps
- Great Depression
- most severe economic downturn in the nation's history
- Carpetbagger
- negative nickname for a northern republican who moved to the south after the civil war
- Collective Bargaining
- process in which workers negotiate as a group with employers
- Morrill Land-Grant Act
- law distributed millions of acres of western lands to state governments in order to fund sate agriculture colleges
- Dunkirk
- biggest rescue mission of all time, british troops getting run out of france, all boats came to get troops and took them across english channel
- Carpet Bombing
- Method of aerial bombing where a large number of bombs are dropped over a wide area
- U-Boat
- german submarine
- Jingoism
- strong national pride and a desire for an aggressive foreign policy
- Liberty Bonds
- special war bond sold by the government to support the allied cause during WWI
- Kamikaze
- WWII Japanese suicidal plane
- Alexander Graham Bell
- telephone
- Radical Republicans reconstruction
- a total restructuring of society to guarantee blacks true equality
- Seward's Folly
- Alaska
- Jim Crow Laws
- required segregation of public services by race
- isolationism
- isolate from others, stay out of others business
- Laissez Faire
- doctrine stating that government generally should not interfere in private business
- Muckrakers
- journalists who uncovers wrongdoing in politics or business
- Kellogg-Briand Pact
- agreement in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another
- Temperance Movement
- organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption
- Henry Bessemer
- steel
- Installment plans
- plans to help pay off stuff
- Horizontal consolidation
- process of bringing together many firms in the same business to form one large company
- Rationing
- distribution of goods to consumers in a fixed amounts
- Scalawag
- negative nickname for a white southern republican after the civil war
- U.S.S. Maine
- sunk
- Thomas A. Edison
- electricity, phonograph
- Benito Mussolini
- Italy, facism
- Black Codes
- laws that restricted freedmen's rights
- Pacific Railway Acts
- giving large land grands to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railways
- Lend-Lease Act
- law that authorized the president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security
- Civil Rights
- citizens' personal liberties guaranteed by law
- Chinese Exclusion
- Law passed that prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the country, but did not prevent entry of those who had previously established U.S. residence
- Labor Unions
- organizations for workers formed to protect the interest of its members
- 15th amendment
- voting rights to all citizens
- Yellow Journalism
- sensational news coverage, emphasizing crime and scandal
- Urban Growth
- industrialization
- Blitzkrieg
- lighting warfare, used by Germany in WWII
- Archduke Francis Ferdinand
- Austria-Hungary, assassinated
- League of Nations
- international organization formed after WWI that aimed to ensure the security and peace for all its members
- Freedman's Bureau
- the first major relief agency in the US
- Blackshirts
- Mussolini's people
- Big Stick Diplomacy
- Roosevelt, speak softly but use a big stick, use force
- Code talkers
- Navaho Indians who relayed messages for the US in WWII
- Harlem Renaissance
- African American literary awakening of the 1920s, centered in Harlem
- Appeasement
- policy of giving into a competitor's demands in order to preserve the peace
- Office of War Mobilization
- federal agency formed to coordinate issues related to war production during WWII