Physical Geography Final
Terms
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- ____ occurs when water freezes in rock fractures
- Frost wedging
- Material deposited by streams is called alluvium.
- True
- The ____ develops around a central elevated point; this pattern is common to such conically shaped features such as volcanoes.
- Radial drainage pattern
- Dry locations tend to be dominated by what type of weatheing?
- Physical
- Root and frost wedging are examples of chemical weathering.
- False
- The process of chemical weathering tends to.
- Lower the density of minerals
- Perennial streams flow all year and intermittent streams flow only during wetter times of the year.
- True.
- Centripetal drainage patterns are typical in Oregon.
- False
- Karst develops in regions underlain by limestone and to a lesser extent dolomite.
- True
- Mass movement is the down slope movement of earth materials under the influence of water run off.
- False.
- Stream erosion includes the detachment of material from the bed or sides of the channel.
- True
- _____ is the breakdown and decomposition of earth material, namely rocks.
- Weathering
- ____ incurs no change in the chemistry of the material being altered. Instead, it simply breaks large pieces into smaller pieces.
- Physical weathering.
- A ______ is one that takes twists and turns over its length.
- Meandering channel.
- The fundamental unit of study for fluvial processes is the drainage basin or watershed.
- True.
- The fact that people who live on the oregon coast experience more rust damage, especially on their vehicles relates to the text's contention that moist lications are dominated by chemical weathering, more than dry locations.
- True
- Which of the following chemical weathering processes is more permanent.
- Hydrolosis
- What is the slowest type of mass movement?
- Creep
- The colorado river, which is an exotic stream, does not flow into the ocean due to the fact that.
- The river's flow has been diverted for municipal and agricultural uses.
- Mass movement is the down slope movement of earth materials under the influence of gravity.
- True.
- Material deposited by streams is called alluvium
- True
- Sinkholes are commonly funnel shaped and broadly open downward.
- False
- Perennial streams only flow part of the year.
- True
- Flow velocity controls the streams capacity to erode and transport sediment through its channel.
- True
- Weathering involves the decomposition of rocks and sediment.
- True
- Which of the following are types of mass movement?
- Soil creep
- Which of the following is the most common drainage pattern and looks like the branching of tree roots?
- Dendritic drainage pattern
- Physical weathering is also called mechanical weathering.
- True.
- Dissolved load
- 3rd
- Suspended Load
- 2nd
- Bed load
- 1st
- Backward rotation of a mass of earth material when mobalized is typical of
- Slumps
- Another term that describes chemical weathering is
- Decomposition.
- Curved tree trunks, fractured retaining walls, curved roots are typical features of
- Creep
- Talus is a deposit associated with
- Rock fall
- Physical weathering
- Increases surface area
- Soliflucation is a mass movement process in
- The tundra.
- _____ erosion occurs when water is confined to small channels.
- Rill
- Sheet erosion
- Water running across the surface
- Karst landscapes develop over_____ bedrock
- Limestone
- Conditions favorable for mudflows include
- Uncolsolidated surface materials. / Steep slopes abundant but intermittent precipitation. / Sparse cover of vegetation.
- An oxbow lake
- Is created by the cutoff of a meander
- Deposition of alluvium
- Takes place on the inside bank of a meander.
- Under constant discharge, an increase in the width of a channel
- Will likely decrease stream velocity
- Point bar formation is found
- On the inside bank of a meander.
- The highest velocity of flow is found
- In the middle of the channel just below the surface.
- Vertical cutting and channel deepening primarily occurs
- Prior to reaching equilibrium
- Which of the following drainage patterns typify the ridge and valley physiographic province of North America?
- Trellis
- Which of the following physiographic features would display a rectangular drainage pattern?
- The San Andreas Fault
- The upland between two tributaries is calles.
- An interfluve
- A drainage basin that has undergone urbanization
- Is likely to experience higher peak discharges/decreased infiltration/shorter lag times.
- Angle of repose is the steepest angle that can be maintained on any given slope without failure of slope materials.
- True.
- Rapid mass movements.
- Rockfalls/ Rockslides/ debris slides/ mudflows
- Slow mass movements
- slump/ earthflow/ creep, which is the slowest of mass movements.
- The highest velocity of flow follows the stream.
- Thalweg.
- Rain splash
- Caused by the impact of water striking the surface.
- Rill erosion
- Water concentrating into inumerable, closely-spaced small channels.
- Gully Erosion
- Steep sided trenches formed by the coalescence of many rills.
- Exotic stream is a river in a remote location such as a desert.
- True.
- Stalactites and columns
- Karts
- Stalactites and staligmites meet.
- Columns/ karts.
- Soda straws
- Karts
- Iron oxide column
- Karts
- Karst towers
- South China
- Cockpit topography
- Puerto Rico
- Karren topography
- China
- Outdoor stalactites/ karst topography
- Turkey
- Solution
- Dissolving of rock in H/2/0
- Hydration
- absorption or adhesion of H2O
- Oxidation
- Chemical combination of oxygen often dissolved with iron particles such as limestone.
- Hydrolosis
- Permanent chemical combination of rock with H2O
- Soft crystal growth
- Arid regions/ cliff dwellings.
- Biological forces
- Plants=Roots Humans=Gravel pits and road cuts.
- A dendritic drainage pattern is the most common form and looks like the branching pattern of tree roots.
- True.
- Parallel drainage
- Form where there is a pronounced slope to the surface.
- Trellis drainage
- Develops in folded topography such as the Apalachian mountains
- Rectangular.
- Found in regions that have undergone faulting
- Radial
- Central elevated point. such as volcanoes.
- Centripetal.
- Basins exibit interior drainage, such as western and southwestern portions of the U.S.
- Deranged
- Develops from the disruption of a pre-existing drainage pattern.