China Termlist
Terms
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- Dynasty
- A sequence of powerful leaders in the same family or clan.
- Tang Dynasty
- 618-907 CE - Buddhism flourished - introduced cosmopolitan culture
- Tributary States
- Independent state that must acknowledge its leader and flourish the leader with respect and [tax?]
- Daoism
- Created by Lao Tzu - Stresses unity in the universe and in humanity - "way" or "path"
- Marco Polo
- Venetian traveler - Visited Mongolia and China ... Author - His books tell stories about his time in Asia and the Silk Road - Served Kublai Khan!
- Meritocracy
- A system where people are recognized through their talents and achievements, rather than social status.
- Zheng He
- Hui Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral - sailed from China to many places in South Pacific, Indian Ocean , Taiwan, Persian gulf. [LIKE CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS!!]
- Shang Dynasty
- 1766-1122 BC - First Chinese dynasty - Arose in northern China, on yellow river valley, known for oracle bones.
- Empire
- Nation, Country, etc. that is ruled by an emperor.
- Mandate of Heaven
- The divine right to rule - Royal rule came form heaven - Established by Zhou [to overthrow Shang]
- Civil Service System
- A system where people are hired through competitive examinations.
- Great Wall of China
- Built during the Qin Dynasty to protect the northern border of China from attacks - Used throughout the dynastic cycle ; Still around today!
- Feudalism
- A system of gov. in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other forms of support to the ruler
- Genghis Khan
- A Mongolian emperor who managed to unite the mongols and whose empire grew, a lot [black sea to pacific ocean]
- Silk Road
- Trade route from China to the Middle East. Called the Silk Road due to China's most important export
- Song Dynasty
- 960-1229 - Bureaucracy // Civilian rule - Art/Literature flourished - Emperor got more power.
- Ming Dynasty
- 1368 -1644 - Dynasty that established Chinese Rule - initiated a load of trade
- Pax Mongolica
- "Mongol Peace" A point in time where there was peace between Asia and Europe.
- Mongols
- Nomadic people from central Asia that took over most of China
- Shi Huangdi
- Violent and brutal man who started the Qin Dynasty and unified China!
- Analects
- A collection of the writings of Confucius
- Sui Dynasty
- Lasted 38 years - Abolished noble families privileges that grew through Age of Division - Marked reunification of China!
- Dynastic Cycle
- The rise and fall of dynasties
- Bureaucracy
- A way of government that used formal processes, standardisation, hierarchic procedures, and written communication
- The Way of Virtue
- A BOOK! The teachings of Laozi [founder of Daoism] - Stresses self concealment and modesty
- Qianlong's Letter to George III
- A letter sent to King George of Britain that denied asking for trading rights and permanent ambassadors in China.
- Filial Piety
- Greatest virtue - Love and respect to ones parents/ancestors
- Yin and Yang
- Used to illustrate natural harmony - In Chinese philosophy where one side of something is negative and the other is positive.
- Zhou Dynasty
- 1122-256 BC - Second Chinese dynasty - Known for the rise of Confucianism and Taoism.
- Han Dynasty
- 202 BC - 220 AD - [Greatest] Dynasty made by Gao Zu and later ruled by Wudi - poetry/literature flourished - Appointed Confucianism and ditched Legalism.
- Warlords
- Local military rulers
- Manchus
- A tribe of the Jurchen Group - Invaded China - Established Qing dynasty!
- Maucau
- A port in China that Europeans used to trade during the Mongol Empire
- Confucianism
- Derived from Confucius - A system of gov. in which proper relationships in society are stressed
- Legalism
- Philosophy that all issues should be compared to law and what is legal to keep society in order
- Qin Dynasty
- 221- 210 BC - Unified China - Ruler= Shi huangdi
- Ancestor Worship
- The act of worshiping or idolizing the deceased of ones family. Rituals and shrines are often used.
- Five Relationships
- The five basic relationships within Confucianism: Sovereign to subject; Parent to child ; Husband to wife; Elder to younger sibling ; Friend to friend
- Grand Canal
- world's oldest /longest canal built during the Wu dynasty.
- Kublai Khan
- Genghis Khan's grandson - Mongolian emperor! Finished the uniting stuff with China.
- Qing Dynasty
- 1644-1911 - The LAST Chinese Dynasty! It started with the taking of Beijing by Manchu warriors and it ended by the time the revolution started - fOUNED BY mANCHUS! ...Reason for China's isolation.