Ch. 4 vocab for wg
Terms
undefined, object
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- the total knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a group
- culture
- a group that shares a geographic region, a common language, and a sense of identity/culture
- society
- a group of people who share language, customs, and a common heritage
- ethnic group
- taking existing elements of society and creating something new to meet a need
- innovation
- the spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior to different societies
- diffusion
- the heartland or place of origin of a major culture; a site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to other cultures.
- cultural hearth
- the culture change that occurs when individuals in a society accept or adopt and innovation
- acculturation
- a version of a language that reflects changes in speech patterns due to class, region, or cultural changes
- dialect
- the belif in a supernatural power or powersthat are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe, as well as the system of beliefs itself.
- religion
- the number of live births per total population, often expressed per thoudand population
- birth rate
- the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime, if she had children at the current rate for her country
- fertitity rate
- the number of deaths per thousand
- mortality rate
- the number of deaths among infants under the age of one as measured per thousand live births
- infant mortality rate
- also called population growth rate- the rate at which population is growing, found by subtracting the mortality rate from the birth rate
- rate of natural increase
- a graphic device that showa gender and age distribution of a population
- population pyramid
- a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region/a factor that draws or attracts people to another location
- puah-pull factors
- that average number number of people who live in a measurable area, reached by dividing the # of inhabitants in an area by the amount of land they occupy
- population density
- the # of organizms a piece of land can support without negative effects
- carrying capacity
- a political term describing an independant unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and externam affairs
- state
- a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a stong sense of unity
- nation
- the name of a territory when a nation and state occupy the same territory
- nation-state
- a type of government in which citizens hold political power either directly or through elected representatives
- democracy
- a type of government in which a ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies
- monarchy
- a type of government in which an individual or a group holds complete political power
- dictatorship
- a system in which the government hold nearly all political power and the means of production
- communism
- having no outlet to the sea
- landlocked
- the study of how people use the space in cities
- urban geography
- an area that is the center of business and culture and has a large population
- city
- a political unit or community touching the borders of the central city or touching other suburbsthat touch the city
- suburb
- a functional area including a city and all its suburbs and exurbs, linked economically
- metropolitan area
- the dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result
- urbanization
- the core of a city, which is almost always based on commercial activity
- central business district(CBD)
- the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people
- economy
- the way people produce and exchange goods
- economic system
- the type of economic system in which production of goods and services is determined by a central government, which usually owns the means of production-also called a planned economy
- command economy
- a type of economic system in which the production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers-also called a demand economy or capitalism
- market economy
- a meterial on or in the earth, such as a tree, fish, or coal, that has economic value
- natural resources
- the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, communications, transportation, water, sanitation, and education systems
- infastructure
- the average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit
- per capita income
- the total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a period of time
- gross national product(GnP)
- the value of only goods and services produced within a country in a period of time
- gross domestic product(GDP)
- What makes up culture
- food and shelter, religion, relationships, language, education, security and proctection, political social organization, creative expression
- the movement of people on the planet
- migration
- the increasingly interconnected nature of worldwide trade and exchange 1economic2political3cultural
- globalization
- the importantaspect of culture that allows people to communicate
- language
- how many laguages are there today?
- 6000+
- a place name that reflects past inhabitants and their relation to the land
- toponym
- 1075 million speak this language
- mandarin chinese
- belief in one god
- monotheistic
- belief in many gods
- polytheistic
- belief in the divine forces of nature
- animistic
- oldest monotheistic, located in israel, called jews, based on torah, religious center is jerusalem
- judaism
- largest of all(2bill), evolved from judaism, based on christ, every continent, bible
- christianity
- oldest religion, 5000 years ago, 900mill+, india, ganges river=sacred, polytheistic, reincarnation
- hinduism
- fastest growing(1bill), Saudi arabia, koran, Sunni/Shiite, muhammad
- islam
- 300mill, China/se asia, nepal, prince siddartha guatama, spiritual, thervada/manayana
- buddhism
- the process that is leading to increasingly large groups of people who claim no allegiance to any church, europe+us
- secularization
- the process leading to increasingly large groups of people claim one true way to worship and envision a return to a more perfect religion, us+islam
- fundamentalism
- the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
- doubling time
- e asia, s asia, se asia, europe, n america
- do live
- dry lands, wet lands, high lands, cold lands
- don't live
- China(1.299bil), india, us,etc.
- most populated
- the study of the interaction of geographical area and political process
- political geography
- Monaco
- 42, 649 most densely populated
- Mongolia
- 4.5 least densely populated
- a nation not having a territory
- stateless nation
- potential to become more powerful
- large nations
- impacts how easily it can be governed
- shape
- landlocked/sea
- relative location
- physical feature creates this
- natural boundary
- straight line
- artificial boundary
- study of how people use space in cities
- urban geography
- centers of business, pop, bithplace of change
- cities
- two or more metropolitain areas
- megalopolis
- good locations
- ports
- land use patterns
- residential, industrial, and commercial
- goods and services are traded without exchanging money/bartering
- traditional economy
- gathering raw materials
- primary
- manufaturing
- secondary
- sell
- tertiary
- provide info, management, technological services
- quarternary
- richest per capita income
- Luxembourg
- poorest per capita income
- East Timor
- highest groww domestic
- us