Mrs. Gutierrez: Religion Review
Terms
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Founder: None
-Probably Aryans
-Oldest religion - Hinduism
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Origin:
-India
-3rd largest religion
-970 Million - Hinduism
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Texts:
Vedas - Hinduism
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Sects:
None - Hinduism
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Beliefs:
Goal:Moksha-break cycle of birth and rebirth
-Reincarnation
Kharma-action Dharma-duties
-polytheistifc - Hinduism
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Effects society:
-caste system (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vasishyas, Sudras, Untouchables)dictated job, marriage,etc.
-ahimsa: nonviolence
-most do not eat meat
-Ganges River is sacred
-temples - Hinduism
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Founder: Siddharta Gautama
"the Enlightened One"
-566 B.C. - Buddhism
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Origin: India
-missionaries & traders spread it to China, Japan &
South East Asia
360 million followers - Buddhism
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Sects:
-Thereveda (elders)
-Mahayana (most people) - Buddhism
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Text:
Tripitika
"Three Baskets of Wisdom" - Buddhism
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Beliefs:
-Goal= reaching Nirvana and achieve union with universe (breaks birth/rebirth cycle)
-Four Noble Truths: all people suffer, end desire to end suffering
-Eightfold Path:how to end desire (right views, aspirations, speech, conduct, - Buddhism
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Effects society:
-meditation
-reject caste system
-no priests or formal rituals - Buddhism
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Founder: Jesus Christ
30 A.D. - Christianity
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Origin:
Jerusalem area(Middle East)
-spread by Roman Empire
-#1 religion in the world
-2 billion followers - Christianity
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Sects:
Catholic (no branches)
Protestant (many branches)
(Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Mennonite,etc.) - Christianity
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Text: Holy Bible
Laws: Ten Commandments - Christianity
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Beliefs:
-Monotheistic: one God
-Jesus (the messiah)is the son of God
-Blessed Trinity: Father (in heaven), son (human form of God), Holy Spirit (within the soul)
-Goal is etrnal life in heaven achieved through faith and salvation - Christianity
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Effects on Society:
Church on Sunday,
Prayer, Bible studies, Holy Communion, Easter, Christmas, Saint Days - Christianity
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Founder: Abraham
Prophet-Moses - Judaism
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Origin: Middle East
1300 B.C.
Israel is homeland - Judaism
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Text:
Torah
Laws-Ten Commandments - Judaism
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Sects:
Orthodox (conservative)
Reform (liberal) - Judaism
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Beliefs:
-Monotheistic: one God in only one form
-good behavior=heaven
-Still await a messiah (believe Jesus was only a prophet)
-Convenant: if fathiful, god would lead them to the "Promised Land" (Canaan)
- - Judaism
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Effect on society:
-Synagogue on Saturday
-Kosher foods, no pork
-Passover, Yom Kippur, Hanukkah, Rosh Hashana - Judaism
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Founder: Mohammed
622 AD - Islam
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Origin:
Middle East (Saudi Arabia)
1.3 Billion
2nd largest religion - Islam
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Sects:
Sunni
Shiite
Sufi - Islam
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Text:
Quran (Koran) - Islam
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Beliefs:
Monotheistic-one God
Five Pillars:
Faith (one god allah)
Pray (5x day facing Mecca)
Charity (Alms to the poor)
Fast (during Ramadan)
Hajj (Mecca once in lifetime) - Islam
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Effet on society:
-worship in mosques
-angels
-Day of Judgement
-no icons - Islam